@article {1108, title = {Relative Influence of Ageratum conyzoides L. Plant Extracts on Testosterone Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {75-83}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {75}, abstract = {

Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ageratum conyzoide L. (AC, Family asteraceae) on testosterone induced BPH in male mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): negative control group received corn oil, BPH model group receive testosterone (5mg/kg/day, S.C) dissolved in corn oil. Another group received standard BPH drug finasteride (5 mg/Kg/day, I.P) along with testosterone injection (5mg/kg/day, S.C). The other two group of animals received either aqueous or ethanolic AC plant extracts (100, 500. 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, I.P) along with testosterone (5mg/kg/day, S.C) consecutively for 28 days. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the study period and prostate weight and prostatic index were determined, followed by histolopathological examination of the prostate gland. Results: The result of the present study indicated that treatment with either plant extracts caused significant reduction in prostate weight and prostatic index when compared to only testosterone treated animal group. The percentage of inhibition of prostate growth was found to be correlated in a dose dependent manner in plant extract treated groups. Histopathological examination of prostate gland revealed AC plant extracts treatment significantly reduced the glandular hyperplasia, epithelial thickness and stromal hyperplasia in the prostate gland of the treated animals. No significant elevation in serum ALT and creatinine level was recorded in any groups during the study period. Conclusion: This study hence indicate the therapeutic potential in Ageratum conyzoides L. plant extract in testosterone induced BPH model in mice.

}, keywords = {Ageratum conyzoides, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Inhibition, Plant extracts, Prostate, Testosterone}, doi = {10.5530/097484900266}, author = {Tongchen Jomba and Manuj Kumar Bharali} } @article {504, title = {Evaluating the Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Gall Extract of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {209-212}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {209}, abstract = {

Plants have been an important source for discovery of anticancer compounds. With the current decline in the number of new molecular entities from the pharmaceutical industry, novel anticancer agents are being sought from traditional medicines; therefore the anticancer efficacy of many plants that are used in traditional medicine is yet to be verified. The objective of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of ethanolic leaf gall extract of Terminalia chebula are evaluated against buffalo rat liver 3A, MCF-7 (Human mammary gland adenocarcinoma) and A-549 (Human lung cancer) cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract was evaluated by MTT assay. The extract was potent and effective in inducing cytotoxic effects in all the cell lines with an IC50 value of 305.18 {\textpm} 1.7 μg/mL, 643.13 {\textpm} 4.2 μg/mL, and 208.16 {\textpm} 3.7 μg/mL, respectively. The extract was more effective against A549 cell lines when compared to others. The presences of phenolics, triterpenoids, and flavonoids were identified in the extract. The extract showed total phenolic and flavonoid content of 478 {\textpm} 2.2 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g d.w and 538 {\textpm} 1.4 mg of quercetin equivalent/g d.w, respectively. This higher content of total phenolics and flavonoids found in the ethanolic extract was directly associated to higher cytotoxicity activity. Conclusion: The ethanolic leaf gall extract of T. chebula showed effective cytotoxic activities; which might be attributed to the phenolics/flavonoids present in higher concentration. Future work will be interesting to know the chemical composition of the extract and also better understand the mechanism of action of the constituents present in the extract to develop it as drug for therapeutic application.

}, keywords = {Alternative medicine, Drugs, Indian medicinal plants, Inhibition, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182919}, author = {B. E. Ravi Shankara and Y. L. Ramachandra and S. Sundara Rajan and P. S. Sujan Ganapathy and Nagendra Sastry Yarla and S. A. Richard and Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya} } @article {505, title = {Inhibition of Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 and its Inflammatory Reactions in Mice by Ethanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata, a Well-known Medicinal Food}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {213-216}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {213}, abstract = {

Andrographis paniculata Nees is an important medicinal plant found in the tropical regions of the world, which has been traditionally used in Indian and Chinese medicinal systems. It is also used as medicinal food. A. paniculata is found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities; however, its inhibitory potential on inflammatory Group IIA phospholipases A2 (PLA2) and its associated inflammatory reactions are not clearly understood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory/neutralizing potential of ethanolic extract of A. paniculata on the isolated inflammatory PLA2 (VRV-PL-VIIIa) from Daboii rusellii pulchella (belonging to Group IIA inflammatory secretory PLA2 [sPLA2]) and its associated edema-induced activities in Swiss albino mice. A. paniculata extract dose dependently inhibited the Group IIA sPLA2 enzymatic activity with an IC50 value of 10.3 {\textpm} 0.5 μg/ml. Further, the extract dose dependently inhibited the edema formation, when co-injected with enzyme indicating that a strong correlation exists between lipolytic and pro-inflammatory activities of the enzyme. In conclusion, results of this study shows that the ethanolic extract of A. paniculata effectively inhibits Group IIA sPLA2 and its associated inflammatory activities, which substantiate its anti-inflammatory properties. The results of the present study warranted further studies to develop bioactive compound (s) in ethanolic extract of A. paniculata as potent therapeutic agent (s) for inflammatory diseases.

}, keywords = {Disease, Drug, Inflammation, Inhibition, Neutralization, Plants}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182916}, author = {V. Kishore and N. S. Yarla and F. Zameer and M. N. Nagendra Prasad and M. S. Santosh and S. S. More and D. G. Rao and Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya} } @article {520, title = {Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 2C8-catalyzed Amodiaquine N-desethylation: Effect of Five Traditionally and Commonly Used Herbs}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {292-297}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {292}, abstract = {

Background: In Southeast Asia and many parts of the world, herbal products are increasingly used in parallel with modern medicine. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of herbs commonly used in Southeast Asia on activity of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), an important human hepatic enzyme in drug metabolism. Materials and Methods: The selected herbs, such as Eurycoma longifolia Jack (ELJ), Labisia pumila (LP), Echinacea purpurea (EP), Andrographis paniculata (AP), and Ginkgo biloba (GB), were subjected to inhibition studies using an in vitro CYP2C8 activity marker, amodiaquine N-desethylase assay. Inhibition parameters, inhibitory concentration 50\% (IC50), and Ki values were determined to study the potency and mode of inhibition. Results: All herbs inhibited CYP2C8 with the following order of potency: LP \> ELJ \> GB \> AP \> EP. LP and ELJ inhibited potently at Ki{\textquoteright}s of 2 and 4 times the Ki of quercetin, the positive control. The inhibition by LP was uncompetitive in nature as compared to competitive or mixed type inhibition observed with other herbs. GB exhibited moderate inhibitory effect at a Ki 6 times larger than quercetin Ki. AP and EP, on the other hand, showed only weak inhibition. Conclusion: The herbs we chose represented the more commonly used herbs in Southeast Asia where collision of tradition and modernization in healthcare, if not properly managed, may lead to therapeutic misadventures. We conclude that concurrent consumption of some herbs, in particular, LP and ELJ, may have relevance in drug-herb interactions via CYP2C8 inhibition in vivo.

}, keywords = {Cytochrome P450, Cytochrome P450 2C8, Drug-herb interaction, Inhibition}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188886}, author = {Yasotha Devi Muthiah and Chin Eng Ong and Siti Amrah Sulaiman and Rusli Ismail} }