@article {1192, title = {Physicochemical and in vitro Analysis of Herbal Drugs A. indica, C. longa, P. pinnata, P. corylifolia, W. fruticosa for Potential Effect in Psoriasis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {831-840}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {831}, abstract = {

Background: Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae), Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae), and Woodfordia fruticosa (Lythraceae) stand as renowned medicinal plants in India. Traditionally, different parts of these plants have been employed for healing, particularly in the context of treating psoriasis and various other ailments. This catalyzed our investigation into the potential antipsoriatic properties of these botanicals. Objectives: We set out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antipsoriatic capabilities of acetone, ethanol, and water extracts derived from Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica, Psoralea corylifolia, Pongamia pinnata, and Woodfordia fruticosa. Materials and Methods: The antipsoriatic potential of these extracts was assessed through the MTT assay, using HaCaT cells. Additionally, we conducted LDH assays and utilized confocal microscopy to gain further insights. Results: Our investigations unveiled the promising antiproliferative activity of these plants on skin keratinocytes. Notably, compounds A, B, and C demonstrated a significant decrease in cell viability compared to the control group. In contrast, compounds D and E did not exhibit significant differences compared to the control. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings substantiate the traditional uses of these plants in the treatment of psoriasis and underscore their potential as valuable resources in the quest for effective antipsoriatic treatments.

}, keywords = {Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, haCaT cells, Pongamia pinnata, Psoralea corylifolia, Woodfordia fruticosa}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.088}, author = {Arun Kumar and Saurabh Singh and Bimlesh Kumar and Sheetu Wadhwa and Dileep Singh Baghel and Narendra Kumar Panday and Sachin Kumar Singh and Shivani and Vikas Kumar Pal} } @article {1080, title = {Development and Assessment of Phytophospholipid Nanovesicular Systems for Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {360-368}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {360}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most prevalent and problematic consequence of diabetes mellitus, with the highest rates of morbidity and death, as well as a significant financial burden on diabetes treatment. Aside from commercially available formulations, substantial research on herbal-based natural therapies to treat hyperglycemia and related consequences is underway. Objectives: The major aim of the study was to use an ethosomal gel to improve transdermal penetration of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata and to overcome the challenges of low transdermal drug delivery permeability. Materials and Methods: Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata loaded ethosomes were made using a cold process with various amounts of ethanol and soya lecithin, and were improved based on entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, and ex-vivo investigations. Results: The optimized ethosomal formulation was then put into a gel and evaluated. Ex-vivo tests were conducted with Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata ethosomal gels, which were compared to plain gel. The ethosomal system produced vesicles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm, a spherical, smooth surface, and a maximum entrapment efficiency of Ne9. A modified ethosomal system (Ne9) was introduced into the gel and studied further. Conclusion: According to the findings, the ethosomal gel has a lot of potential for transdermal Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata administration.

}, keywords = {Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, Drying studies, Ethosomal gel, Ethosomes, Ex-vivo studies}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.54}, author = {Gaurav Tiwari and Deepa Yadav and Bhuwanendra Singh and Abhitendra Kumar and Pranay Wal and Ruchi Tiwari} } @article {486, title = {UP1304, a Botanical Composition Containing Two Standardized Extracts of Curcuma longa and Morus alba, Mitigates Pain and Inflammation in Adjuvant-induced Arthritic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {112-117}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {112}, abstract = {

Background: Though, the initial etiologies of arthritis are multifactorial, clinically, patients share pain as the prime complaints. Present day pain relief therapeutics heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side effects. Hence, the need for evidence-based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the most prominent and disabling symptoms of arthritis is an overdue. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of UP1304, a composition that contains a standardized blend of two extracts from the rhizome of Curcuma longa and the root bark of Morus alba in adjuvant-induced arthritis models in rats. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the botanical composition were demonstrated in adjuvant-induced arthritis models in rats with oral dose ranges of 50{\textendash}200 mg/kg. Ibuprofen at a dose of 100 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. Ex vivo sulfated glycosaminoglycan inhibition assays were performed. Results: Statistically significant improvements in pain resistance, suppression of paw edema and ankle thickness were observed in animals treated with UP1304 compared to vehicle-treated diseased rats. These results were similar to those achieved by ibuprofen treatment. Inhibitions of proteoglycan degradation were observed in a range of 37.5{\textendash}61.7\% for concentration of UP1304 at 50{\textendash}200 {\textmu}g/mL when compared to interleukin-1α-exposed untreated explants. Conclusions: These data suggest that UP1304, for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, could potentially be considered agent of botanical origin for the improvement of arthritis associated symptoms.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Bradykinin inhibition, Chronic pain, Curcuma longa, Morus alba}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.172563}, author = {Mesfin Yimam and Young-Chul Lee and Breanna Moore and Ping Jiao and Mei Hong and Jeong-Bum Nam and Mi-Ran Kim and Tae-Woo Kim and Hyun-Jin Kim and Eu-Jin Hyun and Min Chu and Lidia Brownell and Qi Jia} } @article {625, title = {Immune-stimulatory and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Curcuma Longa Extract and its Polysaccharide Fraction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {April 2013}, pages = {71-79}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {71}, abstract = {

Background:\ While curcuminoids have been reported to possess diverse biological activities, the anti-inflammatory activity of polar extracts (devoid of curcuminoids) of\ Curcuma longa\ (C. longa) has seldom been studied. In this study, we have investigated immune-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous based extract of\ C. longa\ (NR-INF-02) and its fractions in presence and absence of mitogens.\ Materials and Methods:\ Effects of NR-INF-02 (Turmacin\ TM\ , Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India) on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukins (ILs) and prostaglandin (PGE\ 2\ ) levels of mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) cells were determined.\ Results:\ NR-INF-02 increased splenocytes number in presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A. Treatment of NR-INF-02 showed a significant increase of NO, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN) gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and MCP-1 production in unstimulated mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophages. Interestingly, NR-INF-02 showed potent inhibitory effect towards release of PGE\ 2\ and IL-12 levels in LPS stimulated mouse splenocytes. Further, NR-INF-02 was fractionated into polysaccharide fraction (F1) and mother liquor (F2) to study their immune-modulatory effects. F1 was found to be more potent than F2 toward inhibiting PGE\ 2\ and IL-12 in LPS stimulated splenocytes.\ Conclusion:\ Present findings revealed the novel anti-inflammatory property of NR-INF-02 and its polysaccharide fraction by inhibiting the secretion of IL-12 and PGE\ 2in vitro.

}, keywords = {Curcuma longa, Immunomodulation, Inflammation, Pain, Polysaccharides, Turmacin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.110527 }, author = {Chinampudur V Chandrasekaran and Kannan Sundarajan and Jothie R Edwin and Giligar M Gururaja and Deepak Mundkinajeddu and Amit Agarwal} } @article {621, title = {Sub-acute Effect of N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME) on Biochemical Indices ins Rats: Protective Effects of Kolaviron and Extract of Curcuma longa L}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {July,2012}, pages = {127-133}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = { 127}, abstract = {

Background: Kolaviron (KV) (biflavonoid from Garcinia kola) and extract of Curcuma longa (CL) are frequently used in folk medicine for treatment of hypertension. One of their mechanisms of action is to enhance antioxidant properties in animals. NG- nitro- l- arginine methyl- ester (L- NAME) is L- arginine analogue, which by binding to Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) may induce hypertension partly due to increase in tissues oxidative stress. Objectives: To investigate the effect of L- NAME on some biochemical indices and the possible protective effect of KV or CL. Materials and Methods: Four groups consisting of 6 rats each were used. One group served as control, second group received L- NAME (40 mg/kg/day). Third and fourth groups were treated with KV and CL, respectively and also received L- NAME. KV and CL were given at a dose of 200 mg/ kg/day. Results: L- NAME caused a significant (P \<0.05) increase in the levels of serum urea, creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase relative to controls. L- NAME treated rats had markedly decreased hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione- S- transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Precisely, L- NAME decreased CAT, SOD, GST and GSH by 48, 52, 76 and 40\%, respectively. L- NAME intoxication significantly decreased (P \<0.05) renal GSH and SOD levels. Also, L- NAME caused a significant (P \<0.05) induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the animals. Administration of KV or CL with L- NAME caused significant (P \<0.05) inhibition of LPO and augments tissue antioxidant indices. Conclusion: These results confirm the adverse effect of L- NAME on biochemical indices and, the ability of kolaviron or Curcuma longato ameliorate the alterations.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Biochemical indices, Curcuma longa, Kolaviron, NG - nitro- l- arginine methyl ester}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.99071}, author = {Pronobesh Chattopadhyay and Soilyadhar Hazarika and Sunil Dhiman and Aadesh Upadhyay and Anurag Pandey and Sanjeev Karmakar and Lokendra Singh} }