@article {485, title = {Assessment of Anti-Influenza Activity and Hemagglutination Inhibition of Plumbago indica and Allium sativum Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {105-111}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {105}, abstract = {

Background: Human influenza is a seasonal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anti-flu ayurvedic/herbal medicines have played a significant role in fighting the virus pandemic. Plumbagin and allicin are commonly used ingredients in many therapeutic remedies, either alone or in conjunction with other natural substances. Evidence suggests that these extracts are associated with a variety of pharmacological activities. Objective: To evaluate anti-influenza activity from Plumbago indica and Allium sativum extract against Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Materials and Methods: Different extraction procedures were used to isolate the active ingredient in the solvent system, and quantitative HPLTC confirms the presence of plumbagin and allicin. The cytotoxicity was carried out on Madin-Darby Canine kidney cells, and the 50\% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values were below 20 mg/mL for both plant extracts. To assess the anti-influenza activity, two assays were employed, simultaneous and posttreatment assay. Results: A. sativum methanolic and ethanolic extracts showed only 14\% reduction in hemagglutination in contrast to P. indica which exhibited 100\% reduction in both simultaneous and posttreatment assay at concentrations of 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL. Conclusions: Our results suggest that P. indica extracts are good candidates for anti-influenza therapy and should be used in medical treatment after further research.

}, keywords = {Allium sativum, Anti-influenza activity, cytotoxicity, Hemagglutination, Plumbago indica}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.172562}, author = {Rahul Dilip Chavan and Pramod Shinde and Kaustubh Girkar and Rajendra Madage and Abhay Chowdhary} } @article {822, title = {A Comparative Study of the Effect of Come Nutritional Medicinal Plants Effect on Lead Accumulation in the Liver Following Different Modes of Administration}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {August,2014}, pages = {306-311}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {306}, abstract = {

Context and Objectives: Lead (Pb) toxicity leads to cell damage in many organs of the body. Using different treatment interventions and modes of administration we comparatively examined the protective ability of some medicinal plants on liver Pb accumulation. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed on either 7\% w/w Zingiber officinale, 7\% w/w Allium sativum, 10\% w/w Lycopersicon esculentum, 5\%, w/w Garcinia kola (all in rat chow), while Pb (100 ppm) was given in drinking water. The additives were administered together with (mode 1), a week after exposure to (mode 2) or a week before metal exposure to (mode 3) the metal for a period of 6 weeks. The metal accumulations in the liver were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and compared using analysis of variance. Results: Some additives significantly (P \< 0.05) reduced, while others enhanced Pb accumulation. Mode 2 yielded the highest mean \% protection and mode 3 the lowest, no significant interaction between modes of administration and time of measurement in their relationships to percentage protection, but there was statistically significant (P \< 0.05) interaction between modes of administration and additive used in their relationships to percentage protection. Conclusion: Protective effects of medicinal plants are varied and depend on the nature of lead exposure.

}, keywords = {Accumulation pattern, Allium sativum, Garcinia kola, Lead, Liver, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mode of administration, Zingiber officinale}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.138278}, author = {Chukwuemeka Nwokocha and Novie Younger-Coleman and Magdalene Nwokocha and Daniel Owu and Moses Iwuala} } @article {781, title = {Investigation of Effects of Time of Measurement and Modes of Administration on Cadmium Accumulation in Rat Liver Under Some Medicinal Plants Food Supplemented Diet}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {May,2014}, pages = {240-245}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {240-245}, abstract = {

Context and Objectives: Cadmium (Cd) toxicity leads to cell and organ damage, we comparatively examined the protection ability of different medicinal plants on Cd liver accumulation following different treatment interventions and modes of administration. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed either 7\% w/w Zingiber officinale, 7\% w/w Allium Sativum, 10\% w/w Lycopersicon esculentum, 5\%, w/w Garcinia kola (all in rat chow), while Cd (200 ppm) was given in drinking water. Additives were administered together with (mode 1), a week after (mode 2) or a week before metal exposure (mode 3) for a period of six weeks. Cd liver was determined using AAS and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: All additives significantly (P \<0.5) reduced the accumulation of Cd in the liver. After adjusting for time and mode of administration, mean \%protection for week 4 was significantly lower by 14.1\% (P=0.02) from that for week 2 but the means did not differ with respect to additive used or mode of administration, no statistically significant interaction between modes of administration and either of additives used or time of administration in their respective relationships to percentage protection from Cd. Conclusion: Additives significantly reduced Cd accumulation through a reduction in absorption and enhancement of metal excretion.

}, keywords = {Accumulation pattern, Allium sativum, Cadmium, Garcinia kola, Liver, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mode of administration, Zingiber officinale}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.132604}, author = {Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha and Novie Younger-Coleman and Magdalene Nwokocha and Daniel U. Owu and Moses Iwuala} } @article {958, title = {A Comparative Profile of Methanol extracts of Allium Cepa and Allium sativum in Diabetic Neuropathy in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {January 2011}, pages = {374-384}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {374}, abstract = {

Introduction: Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes. This may result from increased oxidative stress that accompanies diabetes. Hence plants with antioxidant action play an important role in management of diabetes and its complications. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to evaluate preventive as well as curative effect of methanol extracts of outer scales and edible portions of two plants with established antioxidant action - Allium cepa and Allium sativum, in induced DN in albino mice. Mice were divided into control, diabetic and test extracts treated groups. Test extracts were administered daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg p.o. for 21 days, in the preventive group prior to onset of DN, and in the curative group after the onset of DN. Hyperalgesia and oxidative stress markers were assessed. STZ-diabetic mice showed a significant thermal hyperalgesia (as assessed by the tail-flick test), indicating development of DN. Results: Treatment with test extracts prevented loss in body weight, decreased plasma glucose level, and significantly ameliorated the hyperalgesia, TBARS, serum nitrite and GSH levels in diabetic mice. Conclusion: Methanol extract of outer scales of onion has shown most significant improvement; may be due to higher content of phenolic compounds in outer scales of A. cepa.

}, keywords = {Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Diabetic neuropathy, Oxidative stress}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.75460}, author = {Abhishek Bhanot and Richa Shri} }