@article {1182, title = {Evaluation of Selectivity Index and Phytoconstituents Profile of Various Extracts from the Stem of Strychnos lucida R. Br. as Anti-malarial}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {733-750}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {733}, abstract = {

Introduction: Strychnos lucida R. Br. or Songga was empirically used as an anti-malarial and immunostimulant in the Tetun tribe, Indonesia. However, almost all plants from the genus Strychnos contain the alkaloid toxic compound strychnine. Objectives: The aims of this study are to determine in vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity, to analyze the selectivity index, and to measure the phytoconstituents of various extracts (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane) from S. lucida stem. Materials and Methods: In vitro anti-malarial study was conducted against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7-chloroquine-sensitive, and in vitro cytotoxic was performed against Monkey kidney Vero cell. Plasmodium berghei ANKA-chloroquine sensitive infected malaria mice were used as a model for evaluation of in vivo anti-plasmodial. Phytoconstituents profile was determined using Thermo scientific LC-HRMS, and the m/z data was analyzed using Compound Discoverer software with mzCloud MS/MS Library. Results: Water (W), Ethanol (E), and Ethyl Acetate (EA) extract exhibited more potential in vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity than n-hexane (H) extract (IC50 2.48{\textpm}0.09; 2.45{\textpm}0.02; 2.90{\textpm}0.07; 7.64{\textpm}0.30 μg/mL, respectively). The selectivity index of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract are 211.47, 78.46, 249.62, and 32.39, respectively). According to the LC-HRMS profile, water and ethanol extract mainly contain alkaloid and phenolic compounds. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane mostly contain terpenoids and fatty acids. Conclusion: According to the result, we conclude that ethanol and water extract from S. lucida R. Br. display potential anti-malarial. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds probably have the most contribution to their anti-malarial activity.

}, keywords = {Anti-malarial, LC-HRMS, Selectivity index, Strycnos lucida R. Br., Vero cell}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.078}, author = {Uswatun Khasanah and Alvan Febrian Shalas and Bachtiar Rifai Pratita Ihsan and Lung Ayu Asti Wulandari and Nadela Cintya Nurtyas and Waril and Iin Alipiani and Ulfa Malihatus Sholiha} } @article {468, title = {Bioassay-guided In vitro Study of the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaves from Excoecaria Lucida Sw}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {396-400}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {396}, abstract = {

Background: Excoecaria lucida Sw. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant conventionally used throughout the Caribbean in the treatment of infectious diseases. Objective: To evaluate, using bioassay-guided fractionation, the in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of E. lucida leaves. Materials and Methods: A 95\% ethanol crude extract was dried and fractionated by solid-liquid separation in four phases (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol). Antimicrobial activity (3 bacteria, 6 yeasts, and 2 fungi) was evaluated by the dilution method with resazurin (2048, 512, 128, 32, and 8 {\textmu}g/mL). The cytotoxicity assays were evaluated in two cell lines: MRC-5 and RAW 264.7; calculating the selectivity index. Assays were performed for the total extract, the isolated compound with the highest yield, and the ethyl acetate and butanol phases. Isolated compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Results: Fractionation process led to the isolation of ellagic acid (784.29 mg), 3,3{\textquoteright},4{\textquoteright}-tri-O-methyl ellagic 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside acid (6.1 mg), and corilagin (6.91 mg). The most active were ethyl acetate phase and ellagic acid with IC50 = 128 μg/mL against seven and five different species of microorganisms, respectively. The total extract (IC50 = 512 {\textmu}g/mL) and the ethyl acetate phase (IC50 = 128 {\textmu}g/mL) were cytotoxic in both cell lines, while butanol phase and ellagic acid both with IC50 \>2048 {\textmu}g/mL seemed to be safer. Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that the Excoecaria leaves can be conventionally used as antimicrobial, but it should be present that some cytotoxicity could appear. In addition, the three identified compounds were reported for the first time in the species.

}, keywords = {Corilagin, Ellagic acid, Ethnopharmacological use, Selectivity index, Tannins}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_124_16}, author = {Ania Ochoa-Pacheco and Julio C{\'e}sar Escalona Arranz and Munyewu Beaven and Renato Peres-Roses and Yordania Matos G{\'a}mez and Miladis I Camacho-Pozo and Gabriel Llaurad{\'o} Maury and Ma{\'\i}ra Bidart de Macedo and Paul Cos and Josean Fechine Tavares and Marcelo Sobral da Silva} }