@article {475, title = {Acute Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Wistar Rats: Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Ageratum conyzoides}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {March 2016}, pages = {26-30}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {26}, abstract = {

Background: Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herbaceous plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Objective: To investigate the protective effect of the ethanol leaf extract of A. conyzoides (EEAC) against hematological, serum biochemical and histological alterations induced by Sodium arsenite administration to Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. Group I received propylene glycol and Group II rats were given the (EEAC, 100 mg/kg b.w.) orally for 7 days. Group III were given a single oral dose of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, 2.5 mg/kg b.w.). Animals in Group IV were pretreated with 100 mg/kg EEAC for 7 days followed by a single oral dose of sodium arsenite. Results: Arsenic exposure resulted in significant reductions (P \< 0.05) in values of packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) count, and elevation in total white blood cell (WBC) count with insignificant reductions in serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels. Alterations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase activities, as well as in serum levels of urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, were not statistically significant. EEAC significantly restored (P \< 0.05) the PCV, Hb, RBC, and WBC as well as serum albumin, globulin, and total protein to normal values. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that EEAC possess strong potentials to protect against toxicities induced by sodium arsenite.

}, keywords = {Ageratum conyzoides, Hematology, Histopathology, Liver, Serum Biochemistry, Sodium arsenite}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.178645}, author = {Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies and Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde} } @article {467, title = {Gastrointestinal protective efficacy of Kolaviron (a bi-flavonoid from Garcinia kola) following a single administration of sodium arsenite in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June,2015}, pages = {268-276}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {268}, abstract = {

Background: Arsenic intoxication is known to produce symptoms including diarrhea and vomiting, which are indications of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Objectives: We investigated whether Kolaviron (KV) administration protected against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced damage to gastric and intestinal epithelium in rats. Materials and Methods: Control rats (Group I) were given a daily oral dose of corn oil. Rats in other groups were given a single dose of NaAsO2 (100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) alone (Group II) or after pretreatment for 7 days with KV at 100 mg/kg (Group III) and 200 mg/kg (Group IV). Rats were sacrificed afterward and portions of the stomach, small intestine and colon were processed for histopathological examination. Hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in the remaining portions of the different gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments. Results: NaAsO2 caused significant increases (P \< 0.05) in MDA levels and MPO activity, with significant reductions (P \< 0.05) in GST, GPX, CAT and SOD activities in the stomach and intestines. KV significantly reversed the changes (P \< 0.05) in a largely dose-dependent manner. The different segments had marked inflammatory cellular infiltration, with hyperplasia of the crypts, which occurred to much lesser degrees with KV administration. Conclusion: The present findings showed that KV might be a potent product for mitigating NaAsO2 toxicity in the GIT.

}, keywords = {Chemoprevention, Intestines, Kolaviron, Sodium arsenite, Stomach.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.157978}, author = {Akinleye S. Akinrinde and Ebunoluwa Olowu and Ademola A. Oyagbemi and Olutayo T. Omobowale} } @article {667, title = {Protective Effects of Vernonia Amygdalina Against Sodium Arsenite-induced Genotoxicity in Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = { 207-211}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {207}, abstract = {

Objectives:\ Contamination of the environment with arsenic (As) from both human and natural sources is known as a global problem. This study investigated the chemoprotective potential of\ Vernonia amygdalina\ leave extract against sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.\ Materials andMethods\ : Genotoxic effects were evaluated in the rat bone marrow using micronuclei. The gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed in rat serum.\ Results\ : Pre-treatment with extract of\ V. amygdalina\ at doses 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). The GGT and ALP activities were elevated more than fourfold, in the liver of rats treated with sodium arsenite, while it was reduced almost to half when the sodium arsenit-treated rats were fed fresh\ V. amgdalina\ leave extracts The phytochemical constituents of\ V. amygdalina\ assayed in this study may be responsible for high radical scavenging of the DPPH free radical observed.\ Conclusion\ : The present results indicate that\ V. amygdalina\ extract is capable of suppressing the chromosomal aberration induced by sodium arsenite in rat. Thus,\ V. amygdalina\ may be a potent chemoprotective agent against the toxicity of sodium arsenite in rats.

}, keywords = {Anticlastogenicity, Micronuclei Test, Rat, Sodium arsenite, Vernonia amygdalina}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112431}, author = {Adewale Adetutu and Emmanuel Bukoye Oyewo and Ayoade A Adesokan} }