@article {1219, title = {A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutical and Ethnobotanical Aspects, Phytoconstituent and Pharmacological Activity of Aesculus indica}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {203-210}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {203}, abstract = {

Aesculus indica Wall. Ex Camb. Hook, a member of the Hippocastanaceae family, exhibits robust growth in colder climates worldwide, showcasing its remarkable adaptability. Within its various components lie a diverse array of constituents, each harboring a treasury of advantageous compounds that have found utility across a spectrum of applications. These applications encompass the amelioration of gastrointestinal disturbances, facilitation of hemostasis, management of diabetes, and mitigation of various dermatological afflictions. Through a comprehensive synthesis of information gleaned from an array of authoritative sources including meticulous literature surveys, our study provides a thorough dissection. It traverses the multifaceted tapestry of this plant{\textquoteright}s applications, devlopes into its intricate chemical composition, and elucidates its nuanced effects on human health and well-being. This compendium stands as an invaluable reservoir, poised to aid and embolden scientists and researchers engaged in the exploration of natural products. Its content, meticulously aggregated and meticulously crafted, promises a resourceful springboard for their scholarly inquiries while assuring originality and authenticity in their pursuits.

}, keywords = {Aesculus indica, Anti-diabetic activite, Antimicrobial activity., Antioxidant, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology activity, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.26}, author = {Shubham Anand and Arijit Chaudhuri and Neha Chopra and Devendra Dhanorya and Manoj Kumar Bajhaiya and Gujjala Sai Sri Harsha and Vijeta Bhattacharya and Udichi Kataria and Gaurav Kumar} } @article {1111, title = {Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Development of Quality Control Parameters for Root of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {101-111}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {101}, abstract = {

Background: In traditional medicine, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik, which belongs to the Malvaceae family, has been used to treat boils, sores, sprains, inflammations, tuberculosis, and leucoderma. Objectives: The objective of this study was to establish identification and quality control standards. Materials and Methods: For pharmacognostic evaluation, macroscopy, micromorphology and physicochemical constants have been used. Microchemical colour reaction tests and HPTLC studies were performed for qualitative phytochemistry. Results: Externally the root is yellowish-brown to yellowish-white and has a distinct odour, bitter taste, wavy shape, and smooth texture. The periderm was composed of 4-5 thin-walled cells. The secondary phloem has dilated rays and broad pyramid-shaped mucilage-packed rays. The fibres have thin walls and are narrow, and the secondary xylem is a compact circular cylinder with eight to eight radial lines of vessel chains. Prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, lignified long, narrow, thick-walled fibres with parenchyma cells, lignified cork cells, and cylindrical vessel elements were discovered in powdered samples. Physicochemically, the ash value was found above 8\% which shows more than 75\% solubility in acid whereas water and methanol extractive values were found to be just above and below 8\% respectively. In UV-fluorescence study, very distinctive colour changes of the powdered root have been recorded. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. GC-MS and HPTLC are also used to characterize lipid and phenolic molecules. Conclusion: These findings will help in the future identification and quality control of A. manihot as reference standards.

}, keywords = {Abelmoschus manihot, Pharmacognosy, Physicochemistry, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/097484900263}, author = {Deshraj Shyamkant Chumbhale and Mahendra Shivshankar Khyade} } @article {1168, title = {Traditonal Uses and Phytopharmacological Analysis of Ancient and Lucrative Traditional Plants Lavandula stoechas L. and Lavandula officinalis Chaix}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {607-614}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {607}, abstract = {

Traditional medicines are still widely used because they contain notably unique therapeutically active metabolites in their native condition. This elevated the illustrious tradition of indigenous cultures and folklore claims to trace back the development of new therapeutic platforms and active leads that could meet the current needs with the minimum unforeseen health risks. Lavandula stoechas L. has the exclusive property to tutelage the brain, heart, and vital organs with unique pharmacodynamic action by expelling out brain impurity and purifying black bile. It is immensely used in insanity as a memory enhancer and nervine tonic, as per the classical Unani literature, and is termed a broom of the brain, but less erudition, improper documentation, and negligence emaciated its appreciation and recognition. While Lavandula officinalis Chaix is popularly used in modern practices in aromatherapy, mental rejuvenation, the cosmetic industry, and economic generation throughout the world due to more scientific unveiling. To corroborate the ancestral heritage and ancient therapeutic arguments with antiquated scriptures, these plants have been reviewed for their traditional uses and phytopharmacological activities.

}, keywords = {Ancient medicine, Folkloric application, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Traditional plant}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.064}, author = {Mohammad Jameel and Abuzer Ali and Wasim Ahmad and Md. Faiyazuddin and Md Rafiul Haque and Rampratap Meena and Sadia Sultan and Kamran Ashraf} } @article {80, title = {Statistical Evaluation and Characterization of Carica papaya Metabolites}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {June 2021}, pages = {129-134}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {129}, abstract = {

Background: Natural resources are often sought for potential molecules which are pharmacologically active. Carica papaya is a well-known plant, studied for its constituent secondary metabolites and their benefits. Methods: This study focuses on identifying low molecular weight secondary metabolites form Carica papaya as potential pharmacophores, based on their structure. We determined their similarity with pharmaceutically active anti-clotting molecules using clustering method. Cheminformatic and Statistical analysis was done with data on molecular characteristics. Results: We have identified Carica papaya compounds to be pharmacologically active. In this study, we have differentiated Carica papaya compounds, through statistical analysis using clustering method, on the basis of significant molecular properties. Conclusion: Molecular similarity of secondary metabolites revealed through this study identifies, Carica papaya metabolites as a possible substitute drug and a preventive medicine against thrombosis.

}, keywords = {Clustering, Druglikeness, Ligands, Metabolites, Phytochemistry, Thrombogenesis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.13.3.4}, author = {Vidhya Meleveetil} } @article {195, title = {Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Corynaea crassa: A Comparative Study of Plants from Ecuador and Peru}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {394-402}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {394}, abstract = {

Background: Corynaea crassa Hook. F (Balanophoraceae), is a hemiparasitic plant that grows on the roots of other species, commonly known as {\textquotedblleft}huanarpo male{\textquotedblright} and traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and aphrodisiac. Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and pharmacological study between extracts obtained from plants that grow in Peru and Ecuador. Materials and Methods: Macro and micromorphological analysis, physicochemical characteristics, and phytochemical screening were determined according to established standards. Successive extraction was carried out with solvents of increasing polarity, and the composition of the ethyl acetate extract was performed using a gas chromatograph Agilent connected to the mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the plants by the carrageenan test. Results: The macro- and micromorphological characteristics did not show differences, the physical-chemical properties presented some differences attributable to the ecological conditions of the places of origin, the phytochemical screening exposed a complex chemical composition. In the ethyl acetate extract obtained, safrole and squalene were identified as major components for the Ecuadorian species and hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids for the Peruvian species. The anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts was demonstrated on the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model in female Wistar albino rats. Conclusion: The extracts showed a similar anti-inflammatory behavior, although less than the indomethacin used as a positive control. This work brings novel results to the pharmacognostic, chemical and pharmacological properties of the species C. crassa.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory activity, Ethyl acetate extract, Gas chromatograph agilent connected to mass spectrometer, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_42_20}, author = {AJ Lopez-Barrera and YI Gutierrez-Gaiten and Migdalia Miranda-Martinez and IA Choez-Guaranda and SG Ruiz-Reyes and R Scull-Lizama} } @article {577, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effect of Barringtonia racemosa and Hibiscus sabdariffa Fruit Extracts in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {66-70}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Background: The fruits of Barringtonia racemosa and Hibiscus sabdariffa have been used in the treatment of abscess, ulcer, cough, asthma, and diarrhea as traditional remedy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate cytotoxic effect of B. racemosa and H. sabdariffa methanol fruit extracts toward human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and its antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Total antioxidant activities of extracts were assayed using 2,2{\textquoteright}-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Content of phytochemicals, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric method and Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu{\textquoteright}s reagent, respectively. Cytotoxic activity in vitro was investigated through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: B. racemosa extract exhibited high antioxidant activities compared to H. sabdariffa methanol fruit extracts in DPPH radical scavenging assay (inhibitory concentration [IC50] 15.26 {\textpm} 1.25 μg/mL) and {\ss}-carotene bleaching assay (I\% 98.13 {\textpm} 1.83\%). B. racemosa also showed higher TPC (14.70 {\textpm} 1.05 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g) and TFC (130 {\textpm} 1.18 mg quercetin equivalents [QE]/g) compared to H. sabdariffa (3.80 {\textpm} 2.13 mg GAE/g and 40.75 {\textpm} 1.15 mg QE/g, respectively). In MTT assay, B. racemosa extract also showed a higher cytotoxic activity (IC50 57.61 {\textpm} 2.24 μg/mL) compared to H. sabdariffa. Conclusion: The present study indicated that phenolic and flavonoid compounds known for oxidizing activities indicated an important role among the contents of these plants extract. B. racemosa methanol extract have shown potent cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7. Following these promising results, further fractionation of the plant extract is underway to identify important phytochemical bioactives for the development of potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activities, Barringtonia racemosa, Cytotoxic activity, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171104}, author = {Norliyana Amran and Anis Najwa Abdul Rani and Roziahanim Mahmud and Khoo Boon Yin} }