@article {1506, title = {Modulation of Glucose Homeostasis and Behavioral Parameters by Passiflora edulis in a Rodent Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High Fructose Intake}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1298-1302}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1298}, abstract = {

Background: Syndrome X (Metabolic syndrome), commonly associated with high-fructose dietary intake, is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and related neurobehavioral impairments. Passiflora edulis Extract (EPE), rich in bioactive compounds, is investigated for its potential therapeutic effects on fructose-induced MS. Materials and Methods: A total of five groups were formed using female Wistar rats (200-250 g, n=6). Group I served as the control group; Group II was exposed to 20\% fructose to induce metabolic syndrome; Groups III to V received fructose along with EPE at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg doses, respectively, for a duration of 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters (blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and behavioral markers (locomotor activity, immobility time, fall time, paw withdrawal time) were recorded. Serum insulin was measured, and HOMA-IR was calculated. Results: Chronic fructose intake significantly increased blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR values, indicating metabolic disruption. EPE administration significantly reduced these values in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest efficacy observed at 1000 mg/kg. EPE also improved behavioral outcomes: it increased fall time and locomotor activity, while decreasing immobility time and paw withdrawal time, demonstrating improvements in motor coordination, depressive-like behavior, and pain sensitivity. Effects were more pronounced at higher EPE doses. Conclusion: EPE significantly ameliorated both metabolic and neurobehavioral impairments induced by fructose in rats. Its dose-dependent efficacy suggests promising as a plant-based therapeutic for controlling metabolic syndrome and related behavioral dysfunctions.

}, keywords = {Behavioral Markers, Fructose, HOMA-IR, Insulin resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Passiflora edulis Extract}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252369}, author = {Kinjal P. Patel and Rajesh A. Maheshwari and Nilay Solanki and Jagdish Kakadiya} } @article {1417, title = {Modulatory Effects of Passiflora edulis on Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Adipokines in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {571-576}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {571}, abstract = {

Background: This research explores the restorative effects of Passiflora edulis extract counter to liver damage and metabolic disruptions caused by a high-fructose diet in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The consumption of fructose resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, signaling liver damage, along with notable changes in the lipid profile, including TG, TC and LDL and HDL all of which are characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the Passiflora edulis extract were administered to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Results: The results demonstrated that extract meaningfully dropped SGPT and SGOT levels, suggesting liver protection, particularly at the higher doses (500 and 1000 mg/ kg). However, the 250 mg/kg dose did not have a substantial outcome on ALP levels, indicating that a higher dosage is needed for optimal liver protection. Additionally, extract improved lipid profiles by falling TG, TC and LDL levels, while boosting HDL, indicating its potential to correct lipid imbalances associated with metabolic syndrome. At higher doses, extract also improved adipokines levels, increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin and resistin, which are linked to better insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. Histopathological analysis showed that extract mitigated liver damage, with the most significant improvement observed at the 1000 mg/kg dose, where the liver tissue appeared almost normal. Conclusion: These results suggest that extract has beneficial effects on liver function and metabolic disturbances, predominantly at higher doses, positioning it as a hopeful substance for treating metabolic syndrome-related conditions. Subsequent studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term effects of extract in metabolic diseases.

}, keywords = {Adipolines, Fructose, Hepatic enzymes, Histopathological Analysis, Lipid profile, Metabolic Syndrome}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252058}, author = {Kinjal P. Patel and Rajesh A. Maheshwari} } @article {426, title = {Psidium guajava Linn. Leaf Extract Affects Hepatic Glucose Transporter-2 to Attenuate Early Onset of Insulin Resistance Consequent to High Fructose intake: An Experimental Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {166-175}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {166}, abstract = {

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is amalgam of pathologies like altered glucos metabolism, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and associated with type-II diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. One of the reasons leading to its increased and early incidence is understood to be a high intake of processed fructose containing foods and beverages by individuals, especially, during critical developmental years. Objective: To investigate the preventive potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves (PG) against metabolic pathologies, vis-{\`a}-vis, IR, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia and hypertension, due to excess fructose intake initiated during developmental years. Materials and Methods: Post-weaning (4 weeks old) male rats were provided fructose (15\%) as drinking solution, ad libitum, for 8 weeks and assessed for food and water/fructose intake, body weight, fasting blood sugar, mean arterial pressure, lipid biochemistry, endocrinal (insulin, leptin), histopathological (fatty liver) and immunohistochemical (hepatic glucose transporter [GLUT2]) parameters. Parallel treatment groups were administered PG in doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d, po {\texttimes} 8 weeks and assessed for same parameters. Using extensive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protocols, PG was analyzed for the presence of phytoconstituents like Myrecetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol and Guavanoic acid and validated to contain Quercetin up to 9.9\%w/w. Results: High fructose intake raised circulating levels of insulin and leptin and hepatic GLUT2 expression to promote IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension that were favorably re-set with PG. Although PG is known for its beneficial role in diabetes mellitus, for the first time we report its potential in the management of lifelong pathologies arising from high fructose intake initiated during developmental years.

}, keywords = {Fructose, Glucose Ttransporter-2, Insulin resistance, Leptin, Psidium guajava, Quercetin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.151459 }, author = {R. Mathur and Shagun Dutta and T. Velpandian and S.R. Mathur} }