@article {1183, title = {Phyto-mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Afrohybanthus travancoricus Leaf Aqueous Extract and Screening of their in vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-diabetic Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {751-760}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {751}, abstract = {

Aim: There are many uses for silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine due to their exceptional properties. A major application of silver nanoparticles is the increase of antibiotics that are clinically helpful against microbes and drug-resistant bacteria. However, environmentally friendly methods for their synthesis must be developed. Objectives: Current study, the major objective of this research is concentrated on to suggest an easy and well-organized biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by confirmed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. The ATSNPs (Afrohybanthus travancoricus silver nanoparticles) was biosynthesized with A. travancoricus plant like capping and reducing agent. Materials and Methods: The ATSNPs aqueous extract were mixed by water extract of 1mM AgNO3 solution led to appearance of greenish brown to dark brown colour indicates the synthesis of SNPs. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and EDX analysis. Antioxidant assay was tested through DPPH and ABTS+ assays, anti-inflammatory assay through albumin denaturation and antidiabetic assay by α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Results: A colour change of solution from dark brown to light brown, absorption peak of ATSNPs as 290 to 300 nm in UV-vis spectroscopy. ATSNPs showed 6 intense peaks in FTIR analysis and functional groups like phenols, alcohols, 1{\textdegree} amines, alkynes, aliphatic amines, aromatics, and alkyl halides were identified. In XRD analysis showed 5 intense peaks at 20.8{\textdegree}, 30.3{\textdegree}, 40.1{\textdegree}, 40.9{\textdegree}, 60{\textdegree}. The EDX analysis the presence of Ag at 3 kev and SEM analysis showed the size of ATSNPs ranges between 88 μm {\textendash} 242 μm. Antioxidant activity was observed the dose dependent manner in both assays. Anti-inflammatory activity of ATSNPs proved maximum inhibition through egg albumin denaturation. Antidiabetic activity exhibits maximum inhibition percentage of α-amylase and α- glucosidase at 10 μg/mL. The lowest IC50 value was noted in α amylase (170 μg/mL) and α glucosidase (134 μg/mL). Conclusion: The obtained results recommended that using ATSNPs, it is likely to represented silver nanoparticles with controlled characteristics and important pharmacological activities.

}, keywords = {Afrohybanthus travancoricus, Anti-diabetic activity, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.079}, author = {Balrajmani Davidson Raja and Devaraj Sathiya Sheela and Elumalai Shanthi Priya and Ammasaikutty Vanitha and Kandasamy Kalimuthu and Periannan Viswanathan} } @article {418, title = {Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) and Prediction of Biological Activity of its Phytoconstituents}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {156-165}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {156}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) and prediction of biological activities of its phytoconstituents using in vivo anti-diabetic model and in silico analysis respectively. Materials and Methods: The leaves of O. tenuiflorum were extracted with 60\% ethanol, and the extract was used for further pharmacological screening. The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated as per the guidelines set by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, revised draft guidelines 423. The oral anti-diabetic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was studied against streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i.p.) + nicotinamide (120 mg/kg; i.p.) induced diabetes mellitus. The animals were treated with the investigational plant extract and standard drug (glibenclamide) for 21 consecutive days and the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum on blood glucose levels was measured at regular intervals. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected from all the animals for biochemical estimation, then the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidney were collected for organ weight analysis. Prediction for pharmacological and toxicological properties of phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum was carried out using online web tools such as online pass prediction and lazar toxicity prediction. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity at 250 and 500 mg/kg, and this effect was comparable with that of glibenclamide. Predicted biological activities of phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum showed presence of various pharmacological actions, which includes anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Prediction of toxicological properties of phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum did not show any major toxic effects. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity against STZ + nicotinamide induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Further studies are required to confirm the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum

}, keywords = {Anti-diabetic activity, Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity, In silico analysis, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Phytoconstituents}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.151457 }, author = {Subramani Parasuraman and Subramani Balamurugan and Parayil Varghese Christapher and Rajendran Ramesh Petchi and Wong Yeng Yeng and Jeyabalan Sujithra and Chockalingam Vijaya} } @article {573, title = {Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antidiabetic Potential of Two Traditional Medicinal Plants of India: Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {s57-s62}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s57}, abstract = {

Background: Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita are temperate Himalayan medicinal plants used as potent herbal drugs in Indian traditional systems of medicine (Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha). Objective: Assessment of Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential of Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita. Materials and Methods: Phytochemicals of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the two Swertia species were analyzed. The antioxidant potential of all the extracts was assessed by measuring total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging potential was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, antibacterial activity was assessed against various pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in vitro by Kirby-Bauer agar well diffusion method and antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase inhibition. Results: Methanolic leaf extracts of both the species of Swertia contain significant antibacterial as well as anti-diabetic potential, whereas methanolic root extracts of both species were found to have potential antioxidant activity. However, Swertia chirayita showed better activities than Swertia cordata although both species have good reputation in traditional Indian medicine. Conclusion: Both the species are having high medicinal potential in terms of their antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. Studies are required to further elucidate antioxidant, anti-diabetic and antibacterial potentials using various in-vitro, in-vivo biochemical and molecular biology techniques.

}, keywords = {Anti-diabetic activity, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant, Chirata, Swertia chirayita, Swertia cordata}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.157997}, author = {Priyanka Roy and Fatima I Abdulsalam and DK Pandey and Aniruddha Bhattacharjee and Naveen Reddy Eruvaram and Tabarak Malik} } @article {607, title = {Anti-diabetic Properties of Flavonoid Compounds Isolated from Hyphaene Thebaica Epicarp on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {January 2013}, pages = {22-29}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {22}, abstract = {

Background:\ Diabetes mellitus, becoming the third killer of mankind after cancer and cardiovascular diseases, is one of the most challenging diseases facing health care professionals today. That is why; there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for diabetes, especially those derived from plants.\ Aim:\ To evaluate the anti-diabetic activity together with the accompanying biological effects of the fractions and the new natural compounds of\ Hyphaene thebaica\ (HT) epicarp.\ Materials and Methods:\ 500 g of coarsely powdered of (HT) fruits epicarp were extracted by acetone. The acetone crude extract was fractionated with methanol and ethyl acetate leaving a residual water-soluble fraction\ WF\ . The anti-diabetic effects of the\ WF\ and one of its compounds of the acetone extract of the (HT) epicarp were investigated in this study using 40 adult male rats.\ Results:\ Phytochemical investigation of active\ WF\ revealed the presence of ten different flavonoids, among which two new natural compounds luteolin 7-O-[6"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside\ 3\ and chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl (1{\textregistered}2)-α-L-arabinofuranoside\ 5\ were isolated. Supplementation of the\ WF\ improved glucose and insulin tolerance and significantly lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels. On the other hand, compound\ 5\ significantly reduced AST and ALT levels of liver, respectively. Likewise, the kidney functions were improved for both\ WF\ and compound\ 5\ , whereby both urea and creatinine levels in serum were highly significant.\ Conclusion:\ The results justify the use of\ WF\ and compound\ 5\ of the (HT) epicarp as anti-diabetic agent, taking into consideration that the contents of\ WF\ were mainly flavonoids.

}, keywords = {Anti-diabetic activity, Epicarp, Hyphaene Thebaica, Novel Flavonoids}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.105644}, author = {Josline Y Salib and Helana N Michael and Emad Fawzy Eskande} }