@article {1420, title = {Isolation, Characterization and Structural Elucidation of a Bioactive Flavonoid from Schinus polygama Leaves Using Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Techniques}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {627-637}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {627}, abstract = {

Aim: Isolation, Characterization and Structural Elucidation of a Bioactive Flavonoid from Schinus polygama Leaves Using Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Techniques is the aim of present study. The process of separating and characterizing bioactive substances from natural sources are pivotal in understanding their therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) with optimized solvent system used. Further this solvent system was employed in column chromatography to isolate active fractions. Active fraction characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy. Results: Schinus polygama (SP) (family Anacardiaceae) extract was subjected to Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) using various solvent systems, with the optimized system of Acetic Acid: Ethyl acetate: Toluene (0.4:4:6) yielding a distinct band with 0.64 Rf value, corresponding to a standard flavonoid. This solvent system was employed in column chromatography, leading to the separation of multiple fractions, including the active Fraction (F). UV-visible spectroscopy of Fraction (F) showed absorption peaks at 208, 269 and 365 nm, indicating conjugated π-electron systems. The presence of distinctive functional groups was further verified by FT-IR analysis., including hydroxyl (-OH), alkyl (C-H) and aromatic (C=C) bonds. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra revealed specific proton signals consistent with a flavonoid structure, while mass spectrometry identified a molecular ion peak which corresponds to 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) chromen-4-one at m/z 286.20 with a molecular formula of C15H10O6. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the isolated compound from Schinus polygama leaves ethanolic extract is a flavonoid with potential biological activities. Further studies are recommended to explore its pharmacological properties and potential applications in therapeutic formulations

}, keywords = {Active fraction, Characterization, Flavonoid, Isolation, Spectroscopy}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252098}, author = {Chandra Prakash Bhardwaj and Piush Sharma and Maneesh Napit} } @article {1081, title = {Exploration of Phytopharmacognostical Study of Ipomoea obscura (Linn.) Ker Gawl}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {369-378}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {369}, abstract = {

Background: Ipomoea obscura, also known as {\textquotedblleft}Lakshmanvel{\textquotedblright} in India, is a member of the Convolvulaceae family. Early studies were mostly concerned with early phytochemical analysis, with only a few focusing on detailed phytochemical analysis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical and pharmacognostic characteristics of I. obscura leaves. Materials and Procedures: The methanolic extracts were separated into flavonoids and phytosterol by column chromatography, which were subsequently examined by spectroscopy and HPTLC methods. Results: According to this research{\textquoteright}s findings, I. obscura leaves may be a good source of phytochemicals such flavonoids (Kaempferol and quercetin), terpenids (β-sitosterol and lupeol), which were identified by HPTLC fingerprinting, FTIR NMR, and UV spectroscopy. Conclusion: The spectroscopical data and HPTLC fingerprinting profile for the plant of interest would hopefully aid herbal medicine researchers in developing additional herbal medications that require the specific ingredient or extract.

}, keywords = {Characterization, HPTLC fingerprinting, Isolation, Microscopical study, Phytochemical investigation, Quantitative estimation}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.55}, author = {Poonam Shinde and Rajendra Bhambar and Pankaj Patil and Khanderao Jadhav and Prashant Malpure} } @article {382, title = {Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Abutilon indicum and Piper longum Phytosomes}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {29-36}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {29}, abstract = {

Background: Evidences from ethnopharmacological practices have shown that combination of Abutilon indicum and Piper longum are traditionally used to treat symptoms of the liver disorder. The hypothesis is phytosomes of a combination of both crude drug extract will be more effective and safe as hepatoprotective agent. Aim: Present work is aimed at development and characterization of phytosomes containing ethanolic extract of both drugs to meet the need for better effectiveness and safety. Materials and Methods: Phytosomes were formulated by using Indena{\textquoteright}s patented process. Characterization involved following parameters: Particle size determination, percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high performance thin liquid chromatography. Liver damage was induced in adult Charles foster rats (150 {\textpm} 10 g) with CCl4 in olive oil (1:1 v/v, i.p) 1 ml/kg once daily for 7 days. LIV 52 (1 ml/kg per oral [p.o]), ethanolic extract of A. indicum and P. longum combination (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p.o) and phytosomes (100 mg/kg p.o.) was given 3 days prior to CCl4 administration. Estimation of liver marker enzymes and histopathological studies were done. Result was analyzed by using (analysis of variance) followed by Student-Newman{\textendash}Keuls test. Result: Combined extract has shown hepatoprotective activity but phytosomal formulation has more potent hepatoprotective effect on CCl4 induced liver toxicity at very low dose comparative to a higher dose of combined extract. Conclusion: Novel approach for herbal drug delivery is more prominent than conventional which improves bioavailability of polar extract and also patient compliance.

}, keywords = {Abutilon indicum, Characterization, Hepatoprotective activity, Phytosome, Piper longum}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171102}, author = {Sonam Sharma and Alakh Niranjan Sahu} } @article {396, title = {Isolation and Characterization of Chemopreventive Agent from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm F}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {61-65}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {61}, abstract = {

Objective: To investigate the in vitro cytotoxic effect and to isolate and characterize a chemopreventive secondary metabolite from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm F (sivakaranthai). Materials and Methods: In vitro cytotoxic effect was carried out by 3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Different concentrations of the extracts were tested on three different cell lines namely A549, HT29, and MCF7. The chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography, and the isolated compound was characterized by various spectral methods and by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Results: The concentration that cause 50\% growth inhibition value of chloroform extract was found to be 0.9 and 19 μg/mL against MCF7 and A549 cell lines, respectively. Chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituent. The structure of the isolated compound was identified by spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, XRD, and mass spectroscopy. On comparison of complete spectral detail of the compound, the proposed structure was identified as chrysosplenol D (a flavonoid). Chrysosplenol D was isolated for the first time from this plant. Conclusion: The chloroform extract had higher cytotoxic effect, and the isolated chrysosplenol D may be responsible for the anti-proliferative effect of the plant.

}, keywords = {3 (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Characterization, Chemopreventive agent, Chrysosplenol D, Isolation, Sphaeranthus amaranthoides}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171101}, author = {S. Gayatri and R. Suresh and C. Uma Maheswara Reddy and K. Chitra} }