@article {346, title = {Zingiber zerumbet Rhizomes Extract Exhibits Faster Open Wound Healing in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {354-360}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {354}, abstract = {

Background: Zingiber zerumbet rhizome ethyl acetate extract (ZZRE) has the potential to be developed as a wound-healing agent with its profound anti-inflammatory property. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing effects of 5\% ZZRE on open wound in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (n = 90) were divided into three groups, negative control (treated with PBS), positive control (treated with solcoseryl gel), and 5\% ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet, respectively. Wounds were induced on the rat{\textquoteright}s dorsal surface on day 0. Measurements of wound closure, total protein, uronic acid, hexosamine, cathepsin B, hydroxyproline, and histological observations were conducted on the wound tissues. Results: ZZRE-treated group showed increment in wound closure, protein, and hydroxyproline level. The uronic acid and hexosamine levels of ZZRE-treated wounds significantly increased on the 3rd day (P \< 0.05). Histological observations demonstrated formation of granulation tissue was faster and denser in ZZRE-treated group. Conclusion: ZZRE enhances open wound healing in rats and has potential to be developed as a healing agent in the future.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Extract, Proteins, Rhizomes, Wound healing, Zingiber zerumbet}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_14_18}, author = {Asmah Hamid and Chong Pek Lian and Nur Hafiza Salleh Hudin and Ahmad Rohi Ghazali and Nurul Farhana Jufri} } @article {462, title = {Analysis of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., genotype BAT93) Calmodulin cDNA using Computational Tools}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {209-212}, type = { Original Article}, chapter = {209}, abstract = {

Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important part of the human diet and serves as a source of natural products. Identification and understanding of genes in P. vulgaris is important for its improvement. Characterization of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is one of the approaches in understanding the expressed genes. For the understanding of genes expression in P. vulgaris pod-tissue, research work of ESTs generation was initiated by constructing cDNA libraries using 5-day and 20-day old bean-pod-tissues. Altogether, 5972 cDNA clones were isolated to have ESTs. While processing ESTs, we found a transcript for calmodulin (CaM) gene. It is an important gene that encodes for a calcium-binding protein and known to express in all eukaryotic cells. Hence, this study was undertaken to analyse and annotate it. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze and annotate P. vulgaris CaM (PvCaM) gene cDNA and its deduced protein (amino acids) sequence. Materials and Methods: Both strands of PvCaM cDNA clone were sequenced using M13 forward and reverse primer to elucidate the nucleotide sequence. The cDNA sequence and deduced protein sequence were analyzed and annotated using bioinformatics tools available online. The secondary structures and three-dimensional (3D) structure of PvCaM protein were predicted using the Phyre automatic fold recognition server. Results: Results showed that PvCaM cDNA is 818 bp in length. The cDNA analysis results showed that it contains an open reading frame that encodes for 149 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence analysis results showed the presence of conserved domains required for CaM function. The predicted secondary structures and 3D structure are analogous to the Solanum tuberosum CaM. Conclusions: This study analyzed and annotated PvCaM cDNA and protein. However, in order to obtain a complete understanding of PvCaM protein, further study on its expression, structure and regulation is essential.

}, keywords = {cDNA, Expressed Sequence Tags, Nutrition, Phaseomics, Proteins}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.150536 }, author = {Kassim Amelia and Jasvin Singh and Farida Habib Shah and Subhash J Bhore} } @article {877, title = {Analysis of Total Proteins, Polysaccharides and Glycosaponins Contents of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. In Spray and Freeze Dried Methanol: Water(1:1) extract and its Contribution to Cytotoxic and Antiangiogenic Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {302-326}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {320}, abstract = {

Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), Benth, (Lamiaceae), popularly known as Java tea, is a useful traditional medicinal herb cultivated largely in Malaysia and in Indonesia. This study was conducted to investigate the primary metabolic contents, cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of freeze dried and spray dried extracts of the OS methanol: water (1:1). Primary metabolic contents were evaluated for total proteins, total polysaccharides and glycosaponins (P\<0.05). Freeze dried extract showed high content of proteins and glycosaponins while contents of polysaccharides were high in spray dried extracts. Cytotoxicity was detected by MTT assay using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and anti angiogenesis assay was performed on rat aorta. Both extract showed moderate cytotoxic activity using extract in high and medium concentration. Freeze dried extract showed strong antiangiogenic activity while spray dried extract showed no activity. A significant change in total proteins of freeze dried extract may be the reason for strong antiangiogenic activity.

}, keywords = {Antiangiogenesis, cytotoxicity, Glycosaponins, Orthosiphon stamineus, Polysaccharides, Proteins}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Siddiqui M.J and Hafizoh S. N and Ismail Z. and Sahib H.B and Helal M.H.S and Majid A.M.S Abdul} }