@article {1322, title = {Controlling of Oral Pathogens and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {943-948}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {943}, abstract = {

Introduction: Green chemistry is considered a preferable alternative to hazardous chemical compounds when it comes to producing non-toxic nanomaterials. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) are well-known for its antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Lemongrass is essential for immunological health and infection prevention. Ginger is known for its antibacterial properties and it is thought to reduce nausea and improve absorption by facilitating the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. Objectives: The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: The free radical scavenging ability of the prepared CuONPs was investigated using DPPH and Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. The anti-inflammatory capability of synthesized CuONPs was examined using Bovine serum albumin and Egg albumin denaturation assay. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of the prepared CuONPs was analysed with time kill curve assay. Results: The result shows that the prepared CuONPs possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at the highest concentrations of 50 μL. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles are found to possess excellent bactericidal activity at the 100 μL concentrations compared to standard amoxyrite against the tested oral pathogens. Conclusion: The prepared nanoparticles are found to possess strong antioxidant; anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect and the activity is concentration dependent.

}, keywords = {Copper oxide nanoparticles, Ginger, Lemongrass, Oral pathogens}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.108}, author = {Rajeshkumar Shanmugam and Rohit Ravikumar and Ashwin Senthil Kumar and Jayasree Anandan and Akshetha Loganathan and Kushi Jain} } @article {1268, title = {Neuroprotective Effect of Ginger in Ameliorating ATPases Activities in Streptozotocin: Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {574-580}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {574}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes affects each and every part of the human body and is a chronic health condition. About 422 million people worldwide have diabetes and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger on ATPases (Na+/K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the mitochondrial fractions of Hypothalamus (HT), Cerebral Cortex (CC), Hippocampus (HC) and Cerebellum (CB) of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 30 wistar strain albino rats are divided into five groups Normal Control (NC), ginger treatment (Gt), diabetic control (DC), Diabetic+Ginger (D+Gt) and Diabetic+Glibenclimide (D+Gli). Na+/K+, Mg2+Ca2+ MDA levels and liver markers estimated in all the groups. Results: Diabetic rats showed depletion in Na+/K+, Mg2+Ca2+ activities, body weights, plasma insulin and elevation in MDA levels in brain structures. Whereas blood glucose levels increased and liver markers Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatise (ALP) are elevated in diabetic rats. Our results suggest that ginger treatment prevent the diabetes induced depletion of brain ATPases, body weights, insulin and MDA, thus enabling to preserve brain function in regulation of intracellular homeostasis of Na+ /K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ions. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, body weights and liver markers are also normalized with ginger supplementation in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our findings may suggest that ginger treatment may decrease the diabetes associated neuronal dysfunction. Further our histopathological study also proves that ginger protected brain cells from diabetic induced oxidative stress. Our study indicates that ginger treatment may reduce neuronal complications during diabetes condition.

}, keywords = {ATPases, Brain regions, Diabetes, Ginger, MDA, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.68}, author = {Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam and Meesala Guru Sekhar and Chilakala Ramakrishana and Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy} } @article {1088, title = {Awareness of Natural Herbs{\textquoteright} Effect on Blood Pressure among the Western Region of Saudi Arabia Population: A Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {461-467}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {461}, abstract = {

Background: Knowledge of potential interaction between herb-drug is essential to reduce both the risk of serious medical disorders such as life-threatening arrhythmia and uncontrolled blood pressure and the increased healthcare cost, because of treating these complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the western Saudi population{\textquoteright}s knowledge of potential interaction between herbal preparations containing Garlic, Ginger, Cinnamon, or Liquorice when concurrently administered with conventional hypotensive therapy. The secondary aim was to explore the source of information about herbal medicine use. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2021 to February 2021 and involved Saudi Arabia{\textquoteright}s population from the western region. The study involved 164 participants by stratified random sampling. Results: The commonly used herbs among the western Saudi population included Garlic (44\%), Ginger (23\%), Cinnamon (13\%), Liquorice (3\%), and others (13\%). Approximately 45.1\% of herb user was based on advice from friends or relatives, 38.4\% were based on online information, and 16.5\% were based on medical resources. Our study showed that 70.7\% of the herb users weren{\textquoteright}t asked by their physicians about using herbal medicine, also 86.6\%\% weren{\textquoteright}t asked by their pharmacists. Conclusion: The study showed a low percentage of awareness of the potential effect of herbal medicines on blood pressure, and their potential interaction with conventional therapies. The study highlighted the low percentage of healthcare providers, who ask their patients about herbal medicine use before prescribing any new medication.

}, keywords = {Cinnamon, Drug interaction, Garlic, Ginger, Herbal medicine, Hypertension, Knowledge, Liquorice, Pharmacist, Physician}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.67}, author = {Afnan Bahha and Aeshah Habib and Awsaf Alluqmani and Afnan Alqurashi and Ahlam Alotaibi and Yosra Al-Hindi and Arwa Fairaq} } @article {339, title = {Comparing the Effect of Rose Drop, Ginger, and Cinnamon on Sexual Function in Depressed Women with Sexual Dysfunction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July 2018}, pages = {314-318}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {314}, abstract = {

Background: Sexual dysfunction is caused by multiple anatomical, physiological, medical, and psychological factors. Many studies have shown the efficacy of herbal remedies on increasing libido and sexual function. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three herbs of ginger, cinnamon, and rose on sexual function of depressed women with low sex drive. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 140 depressed women with sexual dysfunction who were divided into four groups receiving oral drops of rose, ginger, cinnamon, or placebo. The information about the two variables of sexual function and depression were collected by Female Sexual Function inventory questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal{\textendash}Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean scores of sexual dysfunction and depression were significantly improved in the three groups after treatment (P \< 0.05) so that sexual dysfunction score in placebo group had the lowest rate of improvement with the mean of 1.55 {\textpm} 0.44 and in ginger group had the highest improvement rate with the mean of 4.04 {\textpm} 1.07. Depression in placebo group had the lowest improvement rate with the mean of 3.71 {\textpm} 1.94 and in cinnamon group had the highest rate of improvement with the mean of 6.29 {\textpm} 1.57, but there was no significant difference between the four groups (P \> 0.05). The factors such as received treatments with impact factor of 0.723 and age with impact factor of 0.170 had direct relation and depression with impact factor of -0.078 had reverse relation to sexual performance improvement (P \< 0.05). Conclusion: Herbal medicines, except for their positive impacts on sexual function, may have positive but minor effects on depression.

}, keywords = {Cinnamon, Depression, Ginger, rose, Sexual desire}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_150_17}, author = {Sheida Shabanian and Mahtab Ebrahimbabaei and Parvin Safavi and Masoud Lotfizadeh} } @article {650, title = {Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Ginger Extracts in Alloxan-induced Diabetes and Propylthiouracil-induced Hypothyroidism in (rats)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = { 157-161}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {157}, abstract = {

Background:\ Diabetic mellitus and hypothyroidism lead to serum lipoproteins disorders. This study aims to investigate the potential effect of fresh ginger extracts\ Zingiber officinale\ roscoe (Family:\ Zingebiraceae) on serum lipid profile and on blood glucose in alloxan-induced diabetes and propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Rats were divided into 11 groups: The normal G1, diabetic control rats G2, ginger 500 mg/kg treated diabetic rats G3, 10 mg/day atorvastatine-treated diabetic rats G4, [5 mg/day atorvastatine combined with 500 mg/kg ginger] treated diabetic rats G5, glibenclamid-treated diabetic rats G6, hypothyoidism control rats G7, 300 mg/kg ginger-treated hypothyroidism rats G8, 500 mg/kg ginger-treated hypothyroidism rats G9, 10 mg/day atorvastatine-treated hypothyroidism rats G10, [atorvastatine combined with 500 mg/kg ginger]treated hypothyroidism rats G11. Thirty days after treatment, samples were collected, to compare treated groups with normal and control groups, using Mann-Whitney U test\ P\ \< 0.01.\ Results\ : It revealed a decrease in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum of rats that were treated by ginger extracts, compared with the control groups. Previous extracts were also able to cause reduction in LDL to similar levels compared to normal group and that was the same effect of atorvastatin 10 mg/day. Combined effect was clear between the act of ginger at a dose of 500 mg/kg and atorvastatin; that levels of both TC and LDL in animals which received [atorvastatin 5 mg/day combined with ginger extract] was almost equal to levels in animals that received atorvastatin 10mg/day. Clear reduce in triglyceride, and clear increase in high density liopprotein were also recorded in the ginger-treated groups. Ginger was more active in hypothyroidism rats than in diabetic rats in reducing LDL and TC. Glucose levels were substantially reduced in ginger- treated diabetic groups.

}, keywords = {Alloxan-induced Diabetes, Atorvastatin, Ginger, Glibenclamide, Lipoproteins}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112419 }, author = {Ahmad Sameer Al-Noory and Abdul-Nasser Amreen and Shatha Hymoor} }