@article {296, title = {Antifungal Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Chrysobalanus icaco Against Oral Clinical Isolates of Candida Species}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {96-100}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {96}, abstract = {

Background: Chrysobalanus icaco is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat fungal infections in Brazilian Amazonian region. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. icaco (HECi) against oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. and to determine the pharmacognostic parameters of the herbal drug and the phytochemical characteristics of HECi. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostic characterization was performed using pharmacopoeial techniques. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were used to investigate the chemical composition of the HECi. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the extract against 11 oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. Results: Herbal drug presented parameters which were within the limits set forth in current Brazilian legislation. A high amount of flavonoid content (132,959.33 {\textpm} 12,598.23 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract) was found in HECi. Flavonoids such as myricetin and rutin were detected in the extract by HPLC analyses. HECi showed antifungal activity against oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC] 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively), and C. albicans American American Type Culture Collection (MIC \<1.56 mg/mL). Conclusion: HECi was shown to possess antifungal activity against Candida species with clinical importance in the development of oral candidiasis, and these activities may be related to its chemical composition. The antifungal activity detected for C. icaco against Candida species with clinical importance in the development of oral candidiasis can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids in HECi, characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.

}, keywords = {Antifungal activity, Candida spp., Chrysobalanus icaco, Flavonoids, Myricetin, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.199772}, author = {Jo{\~a}o Paulo Bastos Silva and Ana Regina Mau{\'e}s Noronha Peres and Thiago Portal Paix{\~a}o and Andressa Santa Br{\'\i}gida Silva and Ana Cristina Baetas and Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa and Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa and Marta Chagas Monteiro and Marcieni Ata{\'\i}de Andrade} } @article {583, title = {Liver Protective Activity of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. and Bonpl.) B. Verl. (pariri)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {June 2011}, pages = {79-84}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {79}, abstract = {

Background: Folk medicine uses preparations of Arrabidaea chica (pariri) leaves to treat various liver pathologies. We evaluated the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of these leaves (CHEE) on an in vivo model of liver intoxication. Materials and Methods: Different groups of rats were treated orally for 7 days with CHEE at doses of 300, 500 or 600 mg/kg or silymarin at 35 mg/kg. The control group received only 0.5 ml of distilled water. After 7 days of treatment, both the groups received CCl 4 , and activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and bilirubin level were assessed. The ability of CHEE to suppress hepatic injury triggered by CCl 4 was evaluated based on suppression (\%) of activities of GOT, GPT and bilirubin levels. Results: The chromatograms of the CHEE obtained at 330 and 400 nm show features of two main classes of secondary metabolites: quinones and flavonoids. The administration of 300, 500 or 600 mg/kg of CHEE resulted in the reduction of GPT levels by 85.34\%, 88.59\% and 93.72\%, respectively. The suppression of GOT levels was 56.86\%, 65.27\% and 68.95\%, respectively, and that of plasma bilirubin was 83.81\%, 83.12\% and 84.14\%, respectively. These results demonstrate the protective character of CHEE and its ability to maintain the functional integrity of hepatic cells. Conclusions: The results obtained are possibly due to the presence of quinones and flavonoids in A. chica CHEE, both detected using high performance liquid chromatography

}, keywords = {Arrabidaea chica, Carbon tetrachloride, Flavonoids, Hepatic protection, Quinones}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.81954}, author = {Benedito Junior Lima de Medeiros and Kel{\'e}m dos Santos Costa and Jeane Francisca Alves Ribeiro and Jos{\'e} Otavio Carrera Silva Jr and Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa and Jos{\'e} Carlos Tavares Carvalho} }