@article {1538, title = {Herbal Formulations in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Comprehensive Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {November 2025}, pages = {1-10}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a frequent oral health issue marked by frequent ulcers. Traditional treatments such as corticosteroids and antimicrobial mouthwashes commonly offered short-term benefits but carried possible adverse reactions, necessitating the search for other remedies. Herbal remedies provided a holistic strategy by addressing immune system issues, microbial imbalances, and tissue inflammation. Aloe vera, green tea, and echinacea offer hope because of their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. These natural treatments targeted the intricate pathophysiology of RAS effectively while causing few side effects, ultimately improving patient safety and adherence for extended periods. The study aims to tackle the root causes of illnesses while also enhancing overall health and well-being. As research progresses in this area, herbal blends could be a practical and efficient option for patients with recurring aphthous stomatitis. The active components functioned together to enhance treatment effectiveness, decrease doses, and mitigate the chances of developing drug resistance. Personalized herbal treatments, designed specifically for each patient{\textquoteright}s unique needs and symptoms, have produced increased satisfaction and effectiveness. The present review emphasized the importance of such herbal formulations to confirm their efficacy and safety. There is promising potential for herbal formulations in RAS treatment to provide a safe, natural, and convenient alternative to traditional therapies. Improved cooperation between conventional healers and contemporary researchers could enhance the comprehension and application of these treatments.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobials, Herbal Extracts, Immunomodulatory, Oral Ulcers.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20260033}, author = {Anoop Kumar and Abilasha Ramasubramanian and Kavya Dharmaraj} } @article {1515, title = {Isolation of Bioactive Metabolites from Tephrosia maxima and Tephrosia callophylla: A Phytochemical and Functional Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1341-1347}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1341}, abstract = {

Tephrosia maxima and Tephrosia callophylla, two lesser-studied members of the Fabaceae family, were evaluated for their phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological profiles in this study. Aqueous extracts from shade-dried leaves were subjected to SEM analysis, hemocompatibility testing, and assays for anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and general toxicity. SEM revealed irregular crystalline morphologies, indicative of diverse bioactive constituents. Both extracts exhibited \<2\% hemolysis, confirming systemic biocompatibility. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus was evident, along with potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assays demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy, with up to 80\% nitric oxide inhibition and 90\% DPPH radical scavenging. Toxicity studies using brine shrimp and zebrafish embryos showed high viability and minimal adverse effects. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise and biosafety of T. maxima and T. callophylla, supporting their potential for drug discovery and biomedical applications. Further studies are needed to isolate active compounds and elucidate molecular mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Photochemical, Tephrosia}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20250024}, author = {Anoop Kumar and Abilasha Ramasubramanian and Priyadharshini Muthumanickam and Bargavi Purushothaman} }