@article {1342, title = {High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Methods for Estimation of Chemical Markers in Stachytarpheta indica Vahl.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {94-99}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {94}, abstract = {

Background: Stachytarpheta indica Vahl. (Verbenaceae family), commonly known as Indian Snakeweed, is a valuable medicinal plant. A systematic phytochemical analysis of bioactives of this plant is lacking till date. Objectives: The present study is aimed to develop validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) methods for quantification of 6 marker compounds, β-sitosterol, lupeol, ursolic acid, apigenin, caffeic acid and verbascoside in S. indica plant. Materials and Methods: Normal phase chromatography was used to develop mobile phase systems that could aid in the identification and quantification of the phytochemicals in the entire plant. Several enhancements were made to the basic method of thin-layer chromatography to automate the different steps, to increase the resolution achieved and to allow more accurate quantitative measurement. The methods were validated as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Results: The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship (r2=0.9873-0.9979) in the concentration range of 1-5 μg for β-sitosterol, lupeol and ursolic acid; 0.5-5 μg for apigenin, 1-3 μg for caffeic acid; and 3-8 μg per spot for verbascoside with respect to area. The average recoveries for phytoconstituents were 98.32 to 98.97\%, indicating the good reproducibility. Verbascoside 1.3598{\textpm}0.014\% w/w was present at high concentration and ursolic acid 0.0027{\textpm}0.0007\% w/w was present at low concentration in the whole plant powder. Conclusion: The validated TLC-densitometric methods were simple, precise, accurate, specific and can be used for the routine quality control of raw materials of S. indica.

}, keywords = {Apigenin, Caffeic acid, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Stachytarpheta indica, Ursolic acid, Verbascoside}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251934}, author = {Vihangi Patel and Krupa Gadhvi and Karuna Modi and Mamta Shah} } @article {1354, title = {Pharmacognostic Specifications and RP-HPLC Analysis of Manilkara hexandra Stembark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {154-161}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {154}, abstract = {

Background: Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard (Sapotaceae) is valued in traditional system of medicine as febrifuge, astringent, tonic, antiperiodic, antidysentric etc. Objectives: The current study aimed for establishing quality control parameters accompanied by development of validated Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method of four bioactive flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and apigenin) in stembark. Materials and Methods: The stembark was evaluated for complete pharmacognostical parameters such as macroscopy, microscopy, ash value and extractive values. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.5\% orthophosphoric acid and 100\% methanol (40:60 \%v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analysis was performed using a UV detector at different wavelengths. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and recovery. Results: Transverse section of the stembark showed presence of rhytidoma, discontinuous rows of phloem fibres associated with idioblasts, ceretanchyma and few latex cells in phloem. In HPLC study, good linearity was observed over the investigated concentration range of 5-30 μg/mL for quercetin and luteolin; 2-64 μg/mL of kaempferol and 2-12 μg/mL of apigenin with correlation coefficient (r2) values greater than 0.998. The intra- and inter-day precision over the concentration range was \<0.57\% (relative standard deviation) and the accuracy were between 98.06 and 100.65\%. The \%RSD of recovery for all the analytes was 0.49-0.81\%. Conclusion: The information derived on pharmacognostic parameters and validated HPLC method for estimation of four bioactives for M. hexandra, would aid as coherent measures for its quality assessment.

}, keywords = {Flavonoids, Manilkara hexandra stembark, RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251963}, author = {Sapna Sharma and Karuna Modi and Viral Asodariya and Saroj Kumar Katara and Mamta Shah} } @article {1518, title = {Pharmcognostical and Phytochemical Investigations on Stachytarpheta indica}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1367-1373}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1367}, abstract = {

Background: Stachytarpheta indica (Family: Verbenaceae), is a tropical plant useful to treat respiratory disorders, dropsy, rheumatic inflammation, intestinal worms and diarrhea. Pharmacological studies indicate antimicrobial, insecticidal and anthelmintic potential. Objectives: To establish quality control parameters, identify, isolate phytoconstituents and evaluate cytotoxic potential. Materials and Methods: S. indica was subjected to morphological, microscopical, phytochemical and cytotoxic studies. Flavonoid, scutellarin was identified by histochemical method and isolated; verbascoside was isolated, characterised by TLC of its hydrolytic products and UV spectroscopy. A new iridoid was isolated. Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of S. indica was assessed on cancer cell lines (A549 for lung cancer, HT29 for colon cancer and MCF7 for breast cancer). Results: Transverse Section (TS) of the leaf include multiple collateral vascular bundles; stem TS features collenchymatous hypodermis and lignified fibres; while cork, phloem, and central wood represent root structure. Furthermore, a simple method for isolation of verbascoside from the plant would be beneficial as an alternative method for this important phenylpropanoid. Moreover, a new iridoid methyl 1-(4-ethoxybut-3-yn-1-yl)-4a-methyl- 1,4a,5,6,7,7a hexahydrocyclopenta [c] pyran-4-carboxylate was isolated from aqueous fraction and characterized. The preliminary in vitro screening results of cytotoxicity study on cell lines indicated that the methanolic extract exhibited non-significant cytotoxicity on human lung cancer (A549) cells, colon cancer (HT29) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells. Conclusion: Identification parameters developed in the study would be useful tool for its quality control and analysis. Simple method for identification and isolation of important compounds is easy to employ for future research.

}, keywords = {Histochemical, Microscopy, Scutellarin, Stachytarpheta indica, Verbascoside}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252305}, author = {Karuna Modi and Rachna Varsani and Mihir Bhatt and Krupa Gadhvi and Mamta Shah} }