@article {151, title = {Toxicological Study of the Effect in vivo and in vitro of Artemisia herba-alba Aqueous Extract in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {207-211}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {207}, abstract = {

Background: Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) is largely used in folk medicine in different countries. However, rare studies provided toxicological evaluation regarding their safety on human health. Objective: This study investigated the safety of the standardized aqueous extract of AHA, like used by patients, to evaluate their toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods: For toxicological evaluation in vivo we used acute (during 14 days) and sub-acute oral gavages in Wistar rats (rats treated daily for 42 days at 1{\textendash}5 g/kg bw) and the 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine the level of cell viability and the degree of cytotoxicity in vitro (0{\textendash}30 μg/ml) on cultured spleen cells. Results: The LD50was up to 2 g/kg. Signs of mortality and toxicity were observed after single doses and no-observed-adverse-effect levels in the sub acute toxicity was up to 2 g/kg bw. Compared to the control, the treatment did not produce any statistically significant changes on alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase serum titer. However, for creatinine and urea serum value, a significant increase (P \< 0.05) was observed. The histological observations of liver and spleen tissues have shown well-preserved normal cells. Indeed for kidney tissues some artifacts of retraction and vascular congestion were noted for 3{\textendash}5 g/kg doses after sub-chronic treatment. The addition of plant extracts to the spleen cells did not show any sign of toxicity for all doses tested. Conclusion: We conclude that AHA aqueous extract at the dosage up to 2g/kg bw will be toxic and can affect mainly the kidney tissues.

}, keywords = {Artemisia herba-alba, Biochemical parameter, Histopathology, in vivo and in vitro toxicity, Standardized aqueous extract}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_4_20}, author = {Ali Lahna and Naima Benjelloun and Nadia Seddik and Mernissi Farida and Abdallah Naya and Mounia Oudghiri} } @article {463, title = {Toxicological Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Caralluma europaea and Its Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {390-395}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {390}, abstract = {

Background: Caralluma europaea (CE) has been studied for its chemical constituents, and no information is available on its toxicity or its pharmacological activities. Objective: To determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of CE stems in vitro and in vivo after acute and subchronic oral gavages in Swiss albino{\textquoteright}s mice and its immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities. Materials and Methods: The extract was administrated in single oral dose at 5 g/kg body weight for the acute toxicity test and by gavages daily at doses of 1, 2.5, or 5 g/kg for 30 consecutive days for the subchronic toxicity test. The immunomodulatory activities and inflammatory activities were tested by the evaluation of hemagglutination antibodies (HAs) titers and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Results: For the dose of 1 g/kg, no visible toxic effects were observed. However, for the higher doses, clinical observations of toxicity were noted after 1 week of treatment. This was confirmed by the biochemical parameters values and the histology analyses of the spleen, liver, and kidney tissues. The high cellular mortality rate in vitro when treated with CE extract confirmed their toxicity potential. There was also increase of {\textquotedblleft}HA titer{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}DTH{\textquotedblright} response in mice treated with nontoxic dose of CE (1 g/kg) compared to control group. This immune activity was confirmed by the high number of lymphocytes infiltrates noted in the different organs. Conclusion: We conclude that CE at the dose up of 1 g/kg produced toxic effect in mice that induced an immune inflammatory reaction.

}, keywords = {Caralluma europaea, Immunomodulatory reaction, Inflammatory reaction, Toxicity in vivo and in vitro}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_24_17}, author = {Zineb Issiki and Chaimaa Moundir and Farida Marnissi and Nadia Seddik and Naima Benjelloun and Younes Zaid and Mounia Oudghiri} } @article {465, title = {In vivo anti-inflammatory and Antiarthritic Activities of Aqueous Extracts from Thymelaea Hirsuta,}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {213-216}, type = {Short Communication }, chapter = {213}, abstract = {

Background:\ The aerial parts of\ Thymelaeahirsuta\ (TH) are used as a decoction in the treatment of different pathologies in folk medicine in Morocco.\ Objective:\ The aqueous extracts were evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity and in inhibition of adjuvant induction arthritis in male Wistar rats.\ Materials and Methods:\ The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, and the antiarthritic activity was carried out using complete Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis model.\ Results:\ The plant extract (500 mg/kg body weight) exhibited significant activity in acute inflammation produced 60\% of inhibition after 4 h as compared with that of the standard anti-inflammatory drug, the diclofenac (100 mg/kg) which showed 40\% of inhibition. In arthritis model, the extract produced 85\% inhibition after 18 days when compared with the diclofenac (10 mg/kg; 72\%).\ Conclusion:\ These results indicate that the aqueous extract of TH had an anti-inflammatory activity and inhibited the induction of adjuvant arthritis in male Wistar rats.

}, keywords = {Antiarthritis, Antiinflammation, Medicinal plants, Thymelaea hirsuta, Wistar rats}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.150510 }, author = {Zora Azza and Mounia Oudghiri} }