@article {1412, title = {Mechanistic Role of Phytophenolic Acids in the Management of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease: A Comprehensive Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {1-11}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD) or dementia, is a brain illness, which is chronic and non-reversible and is related to advanced memory loss, cognitive decline and altered behaviour. Current treatments including synthetic agents mostly have an effect of only providing relief to the patient without treating the root cause of disease. Though synthetic drugs available for the treatment but are only few and are associated side effects. A better alternate will be the traditionally used herbal drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites in plants and current evidence indicates that they can be useful in the treatment of AD because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The present review explores the multifaceted functions of phenolic acid which include neutralizing Reacting Oxygen Species (ROS), preventing amyloid-beta aggregation, reducing hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and modulating neuro-inflammation. Several phenolic acids such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, etc. Have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in various preclinical studies. The mode of action phenolic acids can be identified to produce better and more attuned treatments. Similarly, the synergistic effect exerted by phenolic acid when combined with other medical agents will enhance the potential efficacy of other drugs. In conclusion, the present review is an attempt at extensive and elaborated information regarding phytophenolic acids, with significant promise in fighting AD based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties as a multi-faceted approach to the complex pathology in AD.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Amyloid-beta, Cognitive decline, Neuroprotection, Phenolic acids, Tau protein}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20250001}, author = {Abhishek Pete Nagaraj and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa and Jayashree Kallukombari Ramakrishna and Purushotham Karadigere Nagaraju and Bevinahalli Ramesh and Noor ul Eain} } @article {1310, title = {Exploring the Mechanisms and Dosages of Herbal Hepatoprotective Agents}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {706-717}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {706}, abstract = {

Herbal hepatoprotective drugs are important for managing liver health because they provide complementary or alternative treatments for the various disorders of the liver. This review provides a thorough analysis of the numerous herbal hepatoprotective drugs{\textquoteright} studied during the recent years, including their modes of action, suggested dosages, market trends, status of clinical trials and patents. The hepatoprotective properties of these herbal medicinal products are partly attributed to their mechanisms of actions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme-modulating actions, and regeneration of hepatocytes. The recommended dosages differ based on the particular plant and ailment, highlighting the necessity for individualized treatment plans and more research to achieve the best possible therapeutic results. Patented compositions and polyherbal formulations provide novel treatments with synergistic effects that improve medicinal efficacy. The increased demand for natural treatments and their potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields has resulted in a considerable and expanding market for herbal hepatoprotective agents. Notwithstanding their possible advantages, more investigation is required to clarify mechanisms of action, assess long-term safety and efficacy, and provide uniform standards for clinical application. In general, herbal hepatoprotective drugs are promising approaches to manage liver health; nonetheless, their use necessitates regulatory oversight, quality control procedures, and evidence-based practice.

}, keywords = {Dosage, Hepatoprotective Agents, Herbal drugs, Market Size, Mechanism, Patents}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.82}, author = {Rajendra Prasad Menasagere Rajappa and Paramakrishnan Nallupillai and Kamsagara Linganna Krishna and Manoj Madanahalli Ramesh and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa} } @article {1246, title = {Phytochemical Insights into Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials Across Five Indian Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {423-434}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {423}, abstract = {

Background: Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda use plant extracts; Indian medicinal plants like Alternanthera sessilis, Cassia auriculata, Murraya koenigii, Celastrus paniculatus, and Moringa concanensis are rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, known for antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, prompting scientific validation of their traditional use and understanding their pharmacological properties. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant qualities of hydroalcoholic extracts from the aforementioned Indian medicinal plants, employing Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) for enhanced extraction efficiency. The research seeks to establish connections between the phytochemical compositions and bioactivities of the extracts through comprehensive analyses. Materials and Methods: The study involves the characterization of physical properties, phytochemical screening, and quantitative assessment of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content in the hydroalcoholic extracts. Antioxidant activities are evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, as well as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The antimicrobial potential against various pathogens is assessed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) calculation method. Results: The study reveals a diverse array of bioactive compounds present in the hydroalcoholic extracts, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. Cassia auriculata and Celastrus paniculatus extracts exhibit notable antioxidant activity, supported by high levels of total phenolic and tannin content. Cassia auriculata demonstrates consistent strong scavenging action in both DPPH and ABTS assays. Alternanthera sessilis, Cassia auriculata, and Celastrus paniculatus show significant efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa during antimicrobial testing. Conclusion: This investigation establishes correlations between the phytochemical compositions and the antimicrobial/antioxidant activities of hydroalcoholic extracts from Indian medicinal plants. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of these plants and underscore the potential of Cassia auriculata and Celastrus paniculatus extracts as natural antioxidants. Such insights hold promise for future advancements in medicinal research and the development of pharmaceuticals derived from natural sources.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cassia auriculata, DPPH, MIC.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.52}, author = {Tripathy Amrutanand S and Manoj Madanahalli Ramesh and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa} } @article {1274, title = {Simplified Column Fractionation with DPPH Assay Guidance: Isolated a Potent Hepatoprotective Fraction from Cassia auriculata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {638-651}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {638}, abstract = {

Background: Hepatoprotection is a critical area for research due to limitations of synthetic drugs and their side effects in the treatment of liver diseases. Natural compounds, particularly those derived from herbs with hepatoprotective therapeutical potential are serving as a best alternative for the same indication. Cassia auriculata, used traditionally in Indian folk medicine, has having a promising pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotective effects. Objectives: Present study aimed to evaluate using antioxidant activity to find out hepatoprotective compounds present in C. auriculata leaf extract and its solvent fractions through in vitro, in vivo experiments and LCMS analysis. Materials and Methods: The DPPH assay was employed to assess in vitro antioxidant activity, while cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective effects against H2O2-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines were investigated. Furthermore, the hepatoprotective activity of the most active Column fraction was evaluated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. LCMS analysis was utilized to identify bioactive compounds in the most active Column fraction and correlations between antioxidant activity and phenolic, tannin and flavonoid contents were also explored. Results: The findings of the present study suggest that most active Column fraction from C. auriculata possess significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, making them promising candidates for further investigation as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases. Conclusion: This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding the correlation between antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of C. auriculata extract and its fractions through rigorous experimental investigations. Overall, the present study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in liver disease management, paving the way for further research and development in this field. Keywords: Cassia auriculata, Hepatoprotective activity, LCMS, HepG2 cell lines, Column chromatography.

}, keywords = {Cassia auriculata, Column chromatography, Hepatoprotective activity, HepG2 cell lines, LCMS}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.75}, author = {Tripathy Amrutanand S and Manoj Madanahalli Ramesh and Nischith Sirawase Shankar and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa} }