@article {1356, title = {Design and Evaluation of Novel in situ Gel Forming Ocular Drug Delivery System of Kaempferol for Sustain Pharmacological Response against Cataract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {173-184}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {173}, abstract = {

Aim: Cataract is an eye disease in which the lens of eyes becomes cloudy. It is a major source of blindness globally. As per the reports published by WHO, around 161 million people are visually compromised worldwide. No clinically proven drug is available to date for the cataract treatment and surgery is the only option left for the management of cataract Treatments other than surgery are just prevention based. Background: A major setback for the development of ocular medications is the poor bioavailability and low therapeutic response of available conventional ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of cataract due to the instant precorneal removal of the drug. Ophthalmic bioavailability of only 1-10\% is generally attained and to overcome this problem frequent installation of the concentrated drug solution is required with increases the systemic absorption of the drug through the nasolacrimal absorption of the drug. The in situ gel forming systems are special drug dosage form that when instilled in the eye as a drop undergoes a transitional change from solution form to the gel with a change in its environmental pH. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Kaempferol ophthalmic gel was prepared using polymers such as Pectin and HPMC K4M as a pH-triggered gelling system to increase contact time and controlled release, to decrease the rate of administration and upsurge the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Formulation development involved selection of right polymers from plethora of polymers such as HPMC k4m, Pectin, Carbopol and tween 80 in different compositions. The required quantity of drug (1\%) soluble in ethanol was poured onto the polymeric solution and proper mixing was done. To evaluate the efficacy of the formulation developed, various methods were employed-clarity, pH, estimation of gelling capacity, gelling strength, viscosity, in vitro cumulative percent drug release. The composition that satisfies all the above-mentioned parameters, was selected as the optimized formulation and this formulation was used in the pharmacological evaluation of the drug. Results: The evaluation of the anti-cataract activity of Kaempferol was done by using the sodium selenite-induced cataract model in Wistar rat pups.

}, keywords = {Cataract, In situ gelling, Kaempferol, Ocular tension, Sustained Release}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251969}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Vinod Kumar Gauttam and Arushi A and Sumiran Negi and Gobind Singh and Bharti B and Swati Mishra and Sneha Sharma and Prince P and Aatiqa A and Neetu Sharma and Atul Rana and Divyanshu D} } @article {1336, title = {Ethanolic Extract of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera Attenuates Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {60-69}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Background: The chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer are known to possess potent adverse effects like nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity among others. Objectives: The aim of this current study happened to be the isolation of phytoconstituent from Achyranthes aspera and assess the protective effect of the compound against cisplatin-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Toluene: Ethyl Acetate (9:1) was used as the solvent system to isolate the phenolic compound from ethanolic extract of the leaves and stem of A. aspera. The isolated compounds were studied using mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR, FT-IR and UV. The effect of the isolated phenolic was assessed by study of various factors like body weight, organ weight, serum biomarkers and histopathological studies. Results: The treatment of cisplatin led to a significant increase the weight of the organs, hepatic and kidney biomarkers in serum suggesting toxicity whereas the the isolated component reversed the elevated levels (p\<0.05 compared to positive control). Conclusion: It could be concluded from the results that pretreatment with isolated component (coumarin) was able to attenuate the hepato-and nephron-toxicity induced by anticancer drug cisplatin.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Cisplatin, Hepatotoxicity, Isolation, Nephrotoxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251905}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Udichi Kataria and Anurag Dubey} } @article {1511, title = {Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Achyranthes aspera (Latzeera): A Complete Investigation of its Anticancer, Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1315-1327}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1315}, abstract = {

Background: A medicinal herb called Achyranthes aspera has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of illnesses. By assessing its antineoplastic, anti-microbial and antioxidant properties. This study sought to thoroughly explore Achyranthes aspera pharmacological potential. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity against a panel of bacterial strains was assessed using the disc diffusion method. To ascertain cell viability in cancer cell lines, anti-cancer activity was assessed using the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was assessed by its capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Results: Achyranthes aspera extract showed encouraging antibacterial efficacy against specific bacterial strains, however not as strong as the common antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. The MTT assay indicated possible anti-cancer efficacy by showing a notable dose-dependent reduction in cancer cell lines{\textquoteright} cell viability. Through the scavenging of free radicals, the extract from Achyranthes aspera also demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The pharmacological potential of Achyranthes aspera is strongly supported by this investigation, confirming its historic use in treating a variety of illnesses. Promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties were demonstrated by the plant extract. In order to determine the bioactive components, clarify the underlying mechanisms of action, assess the protection and efficacy of Achyranthes aspera extracts in preclinical, clinical contexts, these findings call for additional research.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Antioxidant}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252314}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Biswajit Dash and Ashish Sarkar and Afrin Alam and Ayush Garg and Shivani Devi and Ankita Sharma and Varsha Chauhan and Tanbeer Kaur and Yashna Bawa} } @article {1440, title = {Pharmacological Investigation of Actinidia deliciosa Extract in NSAIDs Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rodent Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {801-815}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {801}, abstract = {

NSAIDs or non opoidal agents are commonly employed to treat rubor, dolor, relieve pain, but they often cause Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, including gastritis, ulceration and bleeding. Natural products have emerged as potential alternatives or adjuncts to conventional treatments. The purpose of this study is to look at how Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) extract protects against gastric ulcer brought on by NSAIDs. Background: NSAIDs are a group of pharmaceutical medications that are usually employed to treat rubor and dolor along with pyrexia as well as give a certain analgesic action at a certain therapeutic dose. At certain doses it is also used treat some sort of discomfort. While effective for these purposes, NSAIDs can also cause significant Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, leading to conditions like gastritis, ulcers and even bleeding. This condition is known as NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer. Materials and Methods: Rats will be divided into control, NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer and NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer treated with Actinidia deliciosa extract groups. The NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer model will be established using indomethacin. The extract will be administered orally at various doses for a specified duration. GI damage will be assessed by measuring ulcer index, histological examination and biochemical markers (e.g., myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde). The antioxidant activity of the extract will also be evaluated. Results: Preliminary findings suggest that Actinidia deliciosa extract significantly reduces NSAIDs-induced GI damage. It may exert its protective effects through antioxidant properties, inhibition of inflammatory mediators and mucosal barrier enhancement. Conclusion: Actinidia deliciosa extract shows promise as a potential natural agent for preventing NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, determine the optimal dosage and administration route.

}, keywords = {Actinidia deliciosa, Antioxidant, Diclofenac, Gastric ulcer, Gastric ulcers, NSAIDs}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252087}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Arushi A and Manisha Dhiman and Anshul Thakur and Risha Kumari and Seema Devi and Shilpa Thakur and Ayusha A and Prince P and Nidhika N} } @article {1219, title = {A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutical and Ethnobotanical Aspects, Phytoconstituent and Pharmacological Activity of Aesculus indica}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {203-210}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {203}, abstract = {

Aesculus indica Wall. Ex Camb. Hook, a member of the Hippocastanaceae family, exhibits robust growth in colder climates worldwide, showcasing its remarkable adaptability. Within its various components lie a diverse array of constituents, each harboring a treasury of advantageous compounds that have found utility across a spectrum of applications. These applications encompass the amelioration of gastrointestinal disturbances, facilitation of hemostasis, management of diabetes, and mitigation of various dermatological afflictions. Through a comprehensive synthesis of information gleaned from an array of authoritative sources including meticulous literature surveys, our study provides a thorough dissection. It traverses the multifaceted tapestry of this plant{\textquoteright}s applications, devlopes into its intricate chemical composition, and elucidates its nuanced effects on human health and well-being. This compendium stands as an invaluable reservoir, poised to aid and embolden scientists and researchers engaged in the exploration of natural products. Its content, meticulously aggregated and meticulously crafted, promises a resourceful springboard for their scholarly inquiries while assuring originality and authenticity in their pursuits.

}, keywords = {Aesculus indica, Anti-diabetic activite, Antimicrobial activity., Antioxidant, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology activity, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.26}, author = {Shubham Anand and Arijit Chaudhuri and Neha Chopra and Devendra Dhanorya and Manoj Kumar Bajhaiya and Gujjala Sai Sri Harsha and Vijeta Bhattacharya and Udichi Kataria and Gaurav Kumar} } @article {1239, title = {A Comprehensive Study on Achyranthes aspera and Aesculus indica Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Activities of against Cisplatin Induced Rodent Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {315-323}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {315}, abstract = {

Aim: In our present research, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of HF1, HF2, and HF3 against liver and kidney damage induced by Cisplatin in Sprague Dawley rats. The ethanol fraction of the plant underwent initial phytochemical analysis followed by subsequent in vivo screenings. The findings from the phytochemical investigation indicated that HF2 demonstrated a more potent hepatoprotective and renal protective activity. Background: Anti-cancer medications have the potential to inflict harm on the liver and kidneys, underscoring the crucial need for hepatoprotection in safeguarding liver function. Among the elderly population, liver and kidney impairment account for 10\% of chronic hepatitis and renal failure cases. The decline induced by anti-cancer drugs has not been thoroughly assessed, partly due to its underestimation in clinical practice and challenges in making a precise diagnosis. While chemotherapeutic agents can induce liver toxicity through various mechanisms and lead to different types of liver and kidney injuries, they share the common trait of being both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. Materials and Methods: The dried peels of Aesculus indica fruits and powdered leaves of Achyranthes aspera were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using 95\% ethanol. Rat will randomly into five groups (six rats per each group). cisplatin group will give a single injection of cisplatin (20 mg per Kg, i.p) on the first 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days. Hepatic function was assessed by measuring blood bilirubin, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transferase (SGOT), and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT). Blood tests were used to check the function of the liver and kidneys. Results: These results collectively suggest that HF1, HF2, and HF3 serve as a potential reservoir of novel secondary metabolites. Moreover, this study has laid the groundwork for future research in pharmacological studies, particularly in the development of potent biomedicine for the treatment of various chronic diseases. Conclusion: The current study has also proved the way for future pharmacological investigations, particularly with regard to all medications derived from the creation of powerful medicines for the management of various chronic conditions.

}, keywords = {Cisplatin, Hepatoprotective, Herbal formulation., nephroprotective}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.40}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Udichi Kataria and Shubham Anand} } @article {1210, title = {Development and Evaluation of Nephroprotective Polyherbal Formulation against Methotrexate Induced Toxicity in Sprague Dawley Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {140-145}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {140}, abstract = {

Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most broadly used anti-cancer derivative of aminopterin and it is a first folic acid antagonist. Adult cancer, various malignancies, multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, sarcoidosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe inflammatory disorders are all commonly treated with MTX. Medicinal plants and herbs contribute, wide range of treatment and prevention from several diseases. Herbal formulations mean dosage form consisting of one or more plants prepared herbs in selected quantities to cure mitigate diseases, by treatment, prevention and sometimes use as a supplement. Petrida foetida is used as traditionally diarrhea, stomach ache and nutritional supplement etc. Vitis vinifera, the fruit is used for dietary and the leaves and seeds are used as several herbal therapy. The current study had carried out to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of leaves and seed extracts of Petrida foetida and Vetis venifera. Nephroprotective activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Petrida foetida and Vitis vinifera seeds were examined against methotrexate induced Kidney damage in Sprague Dawley Rats. Biochemical parameter evaluates like Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, total protein like albumin, globulin was analyzed. Petrida foetida and Vitis venifera seeds extract of exhibited significant (p\<0.05) nephroprotective activity. Ethanolic seeds extract of Vitis vinifera and Petrida foetida menifest moderate activity upon Methotrexate induced Rat models. Study outcome shows the traditional-ethno medicinal use of Methotrexate as a potential source of Nephroprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)., Creatinine, Methotrexate (MTX), Nephroprotective activity, Polyherbal formulation (PHF)}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.17}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Udichi Kataria and Subodh Kumar Dubey and Neha Chopra and Devendra Dhanorya and Kamal Shah and Nagendra Singh Chauhan} }