@article {1269, title = {HPTLC, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Seeds with Special Reference to its Ethnopharmacological Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {581-587}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {581}, abstract = {

Background: Kodo millet, botanically (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is one among the minor millets cultivated mostly in Asian and African continents. Dr. M.S Swaminathan, father of Indian green revolution called all millets as orphan{\textquoteright}s food. Moreover, most of these millets including Kodo millets have been in use since antiquity by the indigenous communities across the globe for medicinal purpose also. Ayurvedic science also indicates Kodo millet in the management of conditions like diarrhoeal disorders, wound, poison, bleeding disorders, Obesity, Ascitis. In the scenario of escalating significance of millets in light of the United Nations General Assembly{\textquoteright}s declaration of 2023 as "The International Year of Millets," a scientific analysis of Kodo millet is urgently needed in order to standardize and ensure its quality. Objectives: For the purpose of standardizing Kodo Millet seeds, HPTLC, physico-chemical and phytochemical analyses were carried out. Review of literature of its ethnopharmacological uses was also done, because its documentation is essential for creating awareness among the public and scientific community. Materials and Methods: HPTLC and physico-chemical analysis of Kodo millet seed were conducted. Alcoholic extraction (reflux) of seed powder was done for phytochemical analysis. The best fingerprint for HPTLC analysis was obtained using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Formic acid as the mobile phase (5:7:3:0.1). Review of literature of its ethnopharmacology was conducted by searching indexed journals and books. Results and Conclusion: Physicochemical analysis revealed identity and purity of Kodo millet grains. Proteins, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids were found to be the phytochemicals present in it. The peaks in the HPTLC fingerprint profile correlate to its different phytoconstituents and can be utilized to standardize the drug. Ethnopharmacological review revealed its use in many conditions like Diabetes mellitus, wound healing, bowel cleansing and inflammation. Moreover, it is even used in treating veterinary diseases like Ranikhet disease in poultry and Tympanic disease of cattle.

}, keywords = {Ethnopharmacology, HPTLC, Kodo Millet, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.69}, author = {Sinimol Thekkekkoottumughath Peethambaran and Sree Deepthi GN and Soumya MC and Sreenidhi Varma and Natarajan M} } @article {1207, title = {HPTLC, Physico-chemical, Phytochemical, Macroscopic, Microscopic Analysis of Seeds of a Nutri Cereal-Finger Millet/Ragi [(Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {118-122}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {118}, abstract = {

Background: Finger Millet/Ragi [(Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], an important nutri cereal/ millet is being cultivated in various regions across the globe. The largest cultivating continents are Asia and Africa. In this scenario of mounting importance to millets/nutri cereals as the U.N General Assembly announced {\textquoteleft}The International Year of Millets 2023{\textquoteright}, there was an urgent need for analysing this drug scientifically, for the purpose of standardisation and quality control. Objectives: HPTLC, physico-chemical, phytochemical, macroscopic, microscopic analysis of seeds of Finger Millet were conducted for standardization. Materials and Methods: Macroscopical and microscopic analysis (Anatomical and Powder Microscopy), and physico-chemical analysis of powder of seeds/grains of Finger millet were done. For, phytochemical analysis, alcoholic extraction (reflux) was performed in the powder of the drug. For HPTLC analysis, the best fingerprint was obtained in with Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5: 3: 0.1) as mobile phase. Results: In anatomical study, unique 5-layered testa, starchy endosperm, and single aleurone layer were identified. Physicochemical analysis revealed identity and purity of Ragi. Terpenoids, quinines, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins and glycosides were identified as the constituent phytochemicals. The fingerprint profile of HPTLC exhibited many peaks which correspond to the various phytoconstituents present in Ragi. Conclusion: The results of the study will be beneficial in identifying Finger millet as the whole drug or in powder form, and thus standardising the raw drug.

}, keywords = {Finger Millet, HPTLC, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Standardization.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.14}, author = {Sinimol Thekkekkoottumughath Peethambaran and Soumya Mohanan Chandrika and Sree Deepthi Girija Nalinakshan and Meghna Pooleriveettil Padikkal and Reena Viswam Lilly and Neethu Kannan Bhagyanathan and Ghanthikumar Subramanian} }