@article {1223, title = {Formulation and Evaluation of Lip Balm Using Different Herbal Pigments}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {367-375}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {367}, abstract = {

Background: Lip balm is one popular formulation in cosmetic field. The primary role of lip balm is to treat dry lips and prevent their dehydration. Some lip balm utilized chemical-based synthetic dyes causes side effects and has short moisturizing effect compared to the natural formulation. Aim: In current research study, the lip balm batches were prepared with natural pigments to minimize side effects and to maintain the moisturizing effects for long duration. Materials and Methods: The 10 batches of lip balm were formulated using extracted pigment from pigment of Opuntia fruit, pigment of Curcuma longa, pigment of Nyctanthes arbortristis flowers, pigment of Centaurea orientalis flowers and carotene by using fusion method. The ingredients of lip balm include a moisturizer, an emollient, and opacifying agent, antioxidant, antiseptic, SPF (UV-protection). All batches of lip balm were evaluated for pH, softening point, spreading aging stability, texture, color melting point, surface abnormality, perfume stability and skin irritability. Results: All 10 batches of lip balm showed smooth texture and no surface abnormalities. All formulations were stable, convenient, and effective to apply. The perfume was retained during and after aging stability study. Conclusion: It was concluded that the lip balm prepared using herbal pigments also bears ideal characteristic of lip balm.

}, keywords = {Cosmeceuticals, Herbal pigments., Lip balm, Moisturizing, Phytotherapy}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.46}, author = {Sharad Visht and Sana Sirwan Salih and Darya Aziz Mohammed and Areej Ammar Abduljabbar and Sarmad Jabbar Hama and Ibrahim Ahmed Khudhair} } @article {1157, title = {Effect of Cholesterol and Different Solvents on Particle Size, Zeta Potential and Drug Release of Eucalyptus Oil Phytosome}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {578-590}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {578}, abstract = {

Background: Herbal extracts show poor absorption and bioavailability but their complex with phospholipids i.e., phytosome improves this major problem. Aim: The aim of research was to examine the effect of cholesterol and different organic solvents on particle size and zeta potential of eucalyptus oil phytosome. Materials and Methods: Totally six batches of phytosomes were prepared using three solvents chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, with and without addition of cholesterol. Phytosome were evaluated for yield, FTIR, partial size and zeta potential, drug entrapment and drug release, drug release kinetics and stability studies. Results: The yield, density refractive index and maximum absorbance (λmax) of eucalyptus oil was found to be 1.65{\textpm}0.74\%, 0.9928 g/cm{\textthreesuperior} (24.2{\textdegree}C), 1.3613(24.6{\textdegree}C), and 297.733 nm respectively. There was no drug excipient interaction. The yield varied from 85.14{\textpm}0.74 to 87.14{\textpm}0.74\%, particle size varied from 71.76{\textpm}0.63 to 197.36{\textpm}0.53 nm, zeta potential varied from 15.3{\textpm}0.27 to-28.2{\textpm}0.26 mV and entrapment efficiency varied from 57.45{\textpm}0.35 to 67.34{\textpm}0.52 respectively. The in vitro drug release varied from 87.26{\textpm}0.63 to 71.35{\textpm}0.63\% up to 300 min (5 hr) and batch-A was selected as best formulation that showed Peppas Korsmeyer as the best fit model with R2 value 0.9422 and mechanism of drug release was Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix). The stability studies showed 99.14{\textpm}0.25 to 99.55{\textpm}0.52\% drug content on 28th day. Conclusion: The particle size of phytosomes was increased on addition of cholesterol. The acetone showed the smallest particle size and chloroform showed the biggest particle size that indicated that molecule diameter and molecular weight affects the solubility and assembly of phospholipid/ cholesterol in solvent in order to prepare particulate drug delivery system

}, keywords = {Eucalyptus, Evaluation, Particle size, Phytosomes, Zeta potential.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.3.061}, author = {Sharad Visht and Sana Sirwan Salih} }