@article {1520, title = {Box{\textendash}Behnken Design Based Optimisation of HPTLC Method for Analysis of Jatrorrhizine from Tinospora cordifolia Roots with Antidiabetic Activity Assessment}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1382-1394}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1382}, abstract = {

Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia root (T. cordifolia) is a well-known Ayurvedic herb with immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It contains Jatrorrhizine (JZ), a bioactive alkaloid with antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and metabolic health benefits, similar to berberine. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the JZ content in T. cordifolia root obtained via different extraction method and to optimise the High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method via Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The extracts were assessed for in vitro test evaluation. Materials and Methods: A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of RSM, a mathematical and statistical method, was applied to optimize the impact of independent variable on the response. Three independent variables like the different concentration of the mobile phase were studied. The in vitro analysis was also done. Results: The content of JZ was quantified using the HPTLC densiometric method. HPTLC confirmed the presence of JZ with a prominent band at an Rf value of 0.70{\textpm}0.008 using a mobile phase of chloroform: toluene: methanol: formic acid (7:4:2:0.2 v/v). The in vitro analysis of the extract showed a significant result and was found to be α-amylase in TRM 27.71{\textpm}0.70 and α-glucosidase in TRM 43.45{\textpm}1.31. Conclusion: This work examines various extraction procedures, including Soxhlet, maceration and reflux, and introduces a novel methodology to enhance extraction efficiency, advance the phytochemical analysis of JZ. This suggests that T. cordifolia may have therapeutic potential in diabetes management.

}, keywords = {HPTLC, Jatrorrhizine, Response surface methodology, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252320}, author = {Neeraj Kumar and Akanksha A and Rama Tyagi and Shubham Singh and Mohd Aqil and Abul kalam Najmi and Mohd Vaseem Ismail and Mohd. Mujeeb} } @article {1116, title = {QbD Based Extraction of Naringin from Citrus sinensis L. Peel and its Antioxidant Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {145-154}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {145}, abstract = {

Background: Naringin, a bioflavanoid possessing multifaceted pharmacological properties present in Citrus sinensis peel. Our research demonstrates the process parameter at which high yield of naringin can be extracted from Citrus sinensis peel in "one run." Objectives: The study compares the efficacy of different modern and conventional methods for naringin extraction. Box-Behnken Design (BBD), was availed for optimization of process parameters for the extraction of naringin from Citrus sinensis peels. Materials and Methods: Extraction conditions (extraction time, solvent-to-drug ratio and extraction temperature) were optimized by Quality by Design (QbD), specifically BBD. Quantification analysis of naringin in different extracts was done using HPLC. Further, the antioxidant potential of different extracts of C. sinensis were assessed with the DPPH method. Results: Ultrasound-assisted extraction method gives the highest yield of naringin and ethanol found to be the most effective extractive solvent. Through the use of BBD, the optimal conditions for naringin extraction were established as extraction temperature- 65.508{\textdegree}C, solvent-to-drug ratio- 25.880 mL/g and extraction time- 29.978 min. Under such conditions, naringin was yielded as 2.021 mg/g, which was nearly contiguous to the predicted value of 2.20 mg/g. The ethanolic extract has unveiled significant antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 71.54\%. Conclusion: The Ultrasound-assisted extraction method stood out to be the best amongst all the other thermal and non-thermal modes of extraction used, and ethanol was proved to be the most efficient extracting solvent. Furthermore, naringin extraction was significantly affected by all three different variables. The present work highlights the use of QbD, a multivariate statistical technique in the extraction field of therapeutically potent phytoconstituents, which makes the optimization method less laborious and time-saving than the traditional optimization method.

}, keywords = {Citrus sinensis, Extraction, Naringin, Optimization, Response surface methodology}, doi = {10.5530/097484900241}, author = {Isha Gupta and Syeda Nashvia Adin and Mohd Aqil and Mohd Mujeeb} }