@article {1383, title = {Standardization and GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals in Coccinia indica (Wight and Arn.) Fruits}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {507-518}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {507}, abstract = {

Background: Coccinia indica, commonly known as the ivy gourd, is traditionally utilized for its diverse medicinal properties. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to standardize and evaluate the fruits of Coccinia indica by identifying the phytochemicals using GC-MS analysis. Materials and Methods: Standard methodologies were used for the standardization, including macroscopical, microscopical, physico-chemical evaluations and phytochemical screening. Additionally, GC-MS analysis was performed to identify key components in the plant extract and its fractions. Results: The T.S. of the fruits of C. indica showed a single epicarp, mesocarp and several fibro-vascular bundles, while the T.S. of the seed revealed the presence of a testa, tegmen, embryo, starch grains and several oil globules. The main findings were as follows: total ash 16.52{\textpm}0.13\% w/w, water-soluble ash 11.35{\textpm}0.12\% w/w, acid-insoluble ash 1.45{\textpm}0.06\% w/w, water-soluble extractive value 18.45{\textpm}0.2\% w/w, alcohol-soluble extractive value 8.80{\textpm}0.11\% w/w, moisture content 7.33{\textpm}0.08\% w/w and the pH of the aqueous extract was 5.63{\textpm}0.07 (1\% w/v) and 5.79{\textpm}0.09 (10\% w/v). Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis identified more than forty notable chemicals in the methanol extract and fractions of chloroform and hexane. Conclusion: This study provides key insights into the standardization of C. indica fruits and identifies 43 major secondary metabolites through GC-MS analysis. Notable compounds include taraxerone, squalene, lupeol and piperine, all with potential therapeutic benefits. Moreover, the choice of solvent for extraction and fractionation significantly influenced the phytochemical profile and concentrations.

}, keywords = {Coccinia indica, Evaluation, GC-MS Analysis, Phytochemical, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251942}, author = {Shadab Alam and Mohammad Irfan Khan and Badruddeen B and Juber Akhtar and Mohammad Ahmad and Mohammad Dabeer Ahmad} }