@article {1442, title = {Formulation and Evaluation of Azadirachta indica Taste Masked Oral Pellets for Gut Microbiome Modulation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {823-830}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {823}, abstract = {

Introduction: Azadirachta indica has long been known for its therapeutic benefits, which include immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities. Human health is greatly influenced by the gut microbiota, and disturbances with this composition have been connected to a number of illnesses. Using natural items like Azadirachta indica to alter the gut flora provides a fresh strategy for preserving gut health and averting illness. Aim and Objectives: The purpose of the present research was to create and assess Azadirachta indica taste masked oral pellets for their capacity to alter the gut microbiota and support a balanced microbial population. Materials and Methods: The extrusion-spheronization technique was used to combine Azadirachta indica extract into oral pellets. An evaluation of the physicochemical properties of Azadirachta indica extract was carried out. The pellets were assessed for flow properties, loss on drying, friability, disintegration time to predict taste masking, microbial limit test and in vitro gut microbiome modulation using rat fecal samples. Results: Acceptable physicochemical properties were displayed by the prepared pellets. A well-balanced formulation for quick disintegrating and effective flavor masking is shown by disintegration period, which makes oral pellets highly palatable and suitable for oral administration. Potential for gut microbiome modification was indicated by in vitro study, which showed that prepared pellets specifically suppressed harmful bacteria while encouraging the growth of healthy gut microbiota. Conclusion: The Taste masked oral pellets made from Azadirachta indica demonstrated encouraging outcomes in regulating the microbes in the gut by promoting the development of beneficial bacteria. Potential applications in gut health treatments and as a prophylactic against illnesses linked to the microbiota are suggested by this.

}, keywords = {Azadirachta indica, Extrusion-spheronization, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Taste masked oral pellets etc}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252118}, author = {Sarika Ankushrao Nikam and Priyatama Vijaysing Powar and Vaibhav Ravindra Vaidya and Devendra Shriram Shirode and Akshaykumar A. Sankaye and Neetu Ashok Khatri} } @article {1319, title = {Evolution and Confirmation of UV Spectrophotometric Approach for Simultaneously Estimating Allicin and Azadirachta indica Extracts in Niosomal Formulation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {923-928}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {923}, abstract = {

Background: Generally, it is quite difficult to precisely tell the exact amount of drug in any formulation after formulating it using the active ingredient and other excipients. Aim: Based on the simultaneous equation method in niosome formulation, a straightforward, quick, accurate, error-free and cost-effective spectrophotometric approach for the simultaneous quantification of Allicin and Azadirachta indica has been devised. Materials and Methods: The method involved estimation using two wavelengths. Since the absorbance of Allicin and Azadirachta indica reaches its maximum at 273 and 257 nm, respectively, these wavelengths were used to measure the absorbance and to estimate their relative concentrations. Allicin and Azadirachta indica both follow Beer-Lambert{\textquoteright}s rule at concentrations between 10 and 50 μg/mL. Results: The strategy can be applied for the regular estimation of Allicin and Azadirachta indica niosome formulation using the simultaneous equations as the concentration in the formulation and recovery were quite good (\>95\%) and reliable. It was designed and verified in accordance with ICH criteria. Methanol was used as a solvent for the process. Conclusion: The method proved to be useful, simple and precise for quantifying the extracts.

}, keywords = {Absorbance, Extract, Herbal, Precision, Wavelengths}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.105}, author = {Shilpa Pravin Chaudhari and Abhishek Sunil Nemmaniwar and Sarika Ankushrao Nikam} } @article {1083, title = {Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Polyphenolic Extract of Baliospermun solanifolium using Central Composite Design}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {405-411}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {405}, abstract = {

Background: Plant extracts contain a considerable amount of polyphenols. These polyphenols act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the formation of silver nanoparticles. Objectives: The objective of the current study is biosynthesis, optimization, and evaluation of silver nanoparticles from the polyphenolic extract of Baliospermum solanifolium. Materials and Methods: Central composite design (CCD) was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the polyphenolic extract of Baliospermum. Preliminary screening was done to find out the upper and lower limits for the optimization study. Four independent variables like Silver nitrate concentrations (mM), Baliospermum extract (\%), stirring time (min), and stirring rate (RPM) were employed. As per the design expert, 30 experiments were performed and their effects on dependent variables were listed. Analysis of synthesized AgNPs was done by visual observation, UV-vis Spectroscopy, Zeta potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), FTIR, FESEM, etc. Results: The development of Baliospermum silver nanoparticles was confirmed by a color change from pale yellow to dark brown. Characteristic peak of silver nanoparticles observed at 432 nm. -15 mV Zeta potentials confirmed the stability of silver nanoparticles. The sizes of the produced nanoparticles were measured using a FESEM and ranged from 70 to 140 nm. The crystalline nature of nanoparticles was confirmed with the help of X-ray crystallography. FTIR data strongly revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in the reduction, stabilization, and biosynthesis of AgNPs. Conclusion: Major Optimized factors offered by the Central composite design were 10mM AgNO3, 10 \% Baliospermum extract, 150 min, and 700 rpm. As per the data collected from FTIR and HPLC, silver nanoparticles could be capped with major phenolic groups like ellagic acid, catechins, and quercetin.

}, keywords = {Baliospermum, Central composite design, Design expert, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.59}, author = {Sarika Ankushrao Nikam and Shilpa Pravin Chaudhari} }