@article {1330, title = {HRLC-MS Metabolite Profiling and Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ficus nervosa Heyne ex Roth}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {192-200}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {192}, abstract = {

Background: Medicinal plants are one of the major sources for the development of new drugs, which creates the interest on searching biologically active molecules from the medicinal plants. Medicinal plants have been used as folkloric medicine for decades. The medicinal plant Ficus nervosa used in the Eastern Ghats for various health care preparations. However, the plant has not been scientifically validated with concern to the pharmacological aspects to undertake the current study. Objective: The study aimed to identification of phytoconstituents from Ficus nervosa leaves extract and exploring the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Materials and Methods: The phytoconstituents were analysis through LCMS/MS method. Further, extract activity was evaluated using tail flick, hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. Results: The study identified top 20 compounds (10 from each +ve and -ve mode analysis). The extract found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg and there were no mortalities were observed. In contrast, the NM extract showed anti-inflammatory effect at the dose of 500 mg/kg compared to reference compound. The NM dose 500 mg/kg showed a significant analgesic effect with a maximum latency response and inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing. Conclusion: These study findings suggest that Ficus nervosa may have potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity meriting further biological evaluations.

}, keywords = {Acetic acid induced writhing response, Carrageenan-induced paw edema method, Ficus nervosa leaves, Hot Plate, Tail flick}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251987}, author = {Sailaja Nambaaru and Kancharla Bhanukiran} } @article {1345, title = {In silico Exploration of Gmelina asiatica for Multitarget Neuroprotection in Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {115-125}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {115}, abstract = {

Background: Gmelina asiatica, commonly known as Asian Bushbeach, has traditionally been used for neurological disorders. Objective: To identify the phytoconstituents activity in Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease through in silico approach. Materials and Methods: The following targets AChE, BACE1, GSK-3, and TACE1 were selected based on AD pathophysiology for in silico studies. The listed phytoconstituents were docked and MD simulations were carried out using Auto Dock and Desmond-maestro, respectively. Further, DFT studies were performed using Gaussview software. Results: Among all listed ligands, isorhoifolin was identified as the most effective compound based on binding scores of AChE (-10.9 kcal/mol), BACE1 (-10.2 kcal/mol), GSK-3 (-9.7 kcal/mol), and TACE1 (-9 kcal/mol). Further, molecular dynamics simulations of BACE1-isorhoifolin and AChE-isorhoifolin complexes demonstrated stability for up to 200 ns. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies indicated isorhoifolin have energy gap of -0.162 eV along with that electrostatic potential surface map indicates its good reactivity and charge distribution. Additionally, ADMET analysis confirmed that isorhoifolin have drug-likeness properties and safe for human biological system. Conclusion: These study findings suggest that isorhoifolin from Gmelina asiatica may have potential anti-Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s activity meriting further biological evaluations.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, DFT, G. asiatica, Isorhoifolin, Molecular dynamics, Multitargeted approach}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251950}, author = {Komal Rajesh Andarghiske and Kancharla Bhanukiran and Rasha Ksirri and Siva Hemalatha} } @article {1048, title = {Quality Control Standardization and in-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Marsilea quadrifolia Linn.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {140-145}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {140}, abstract = {

Background: The species Marsilea quadrifolia L. belonging to the family Marsileaceae is a semi-aquatic plant widely distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of India. The whole plant of Marsilea quadrifolia L. is extensively used for its eminent medicinal properties. Objectives: Despite promising therapeutic benefits, the plant seems to be less explored, and consequently, the present investigation focuses on exploring pharmacognostical parameters, quality control standardization and antioxidant studies. Materials and Methods: The microscopical (transverse sections of leaves, petiole, stem, and root.) studies, leaf constants (stomatal number, vein islet number, etc.), and powder microscopic examination were performed. All physicochemical evaluations, like swelling index, foaming index, etc. were accomplished as per the World health organization (WHO) guidelines. TLC profiling and HPLC standardization of ethanolic extract was also performed. In vitro, antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract were carried out by various methods. Results: The transverse sections of all parts of the plant, leaf constants, and powder microscopy were reported with clear identification. Physicochemical parameters, i.e., foaming index (\<100), Loss on drying (13.99 w/w), moisture content (13.75 w/w), total ash value (13.5 w/w) were done. Ethanolic extract was standardized with reference to quercetin and quantified HPLC data was calculated to be 2.1805{\textpm}0.02089 mg/g. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract and its IC50 values are reported. Conclusion: We have reported complete pharmacognostical standardization of Marsilea quadrifolia L. as per WHO guidelines. We have reported the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Marsilea quadrifolia L. along with quantitative estimation of quercetin using HPLC.

Keywords: Quercetin, HPLC, Pharmacognosy, Phytopharmaceuticals, Sushni, European water clover.

}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.2.20}, author = {Kancharla Bhanukiran and Tarkeshwar Dubey and Siva Hemalatha} }