@article {1199, title = {Chemical Characterization of Two Botanicals from Genus Alternanthera - A. brasiliana (L.) Kuntze and A. paronychioides A. St.-Hil}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {42-50}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {42}, abstract = {

Background: Traditional medicine has become part and parcel of the present era for the maintaining and preventing of ailments. Alternanthera brasiliana and Alternanthera paronychioides (Amaranthaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine. Ab is widely familiar as penicillin in Brazil. Ap is known to treat gout, hyperuricemia, rheumatic arthritis, nephritis etc. as folk medicine. The present study aims to compare standardization profiles for A. brasiliana and A. paronychioides. Materials and Methods: Sample Ab and Ap were collected and authenticated. Authenticated samples were subjected to powder microscopy, physico-chemical, phytochemical, HPTLC and HPLC fingerprint and PXRD analysis. Results: Powder microscopic investigations revealed the characteristic features for identification. Physico-chemical investigation revealed the slightly acidic nature of both plants. The phytochemical test showed the existence of phenol, terpenoids and steroids as major secondary metabolites in both species. Photo documentation, fingerprints and spectral comparison by HPTLC and fingerprints by HPLC validate the existence of similar compounds in both Ab and Ap. PXRD analysis revealed the variance of elements present in both species. Conclusion: Comparative physico-chemical, phytochemical and HPLC, HPTLC, and P-XRD instrumental analysis of A. brasiliana and A. paronychioides provides distinct features for identification.

}, keywords = {Amaranthaceae, chromatographic fingerprinting, Comparative standardization, HPLC, HPTLC, PXRD.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.6}, author = {Achintya Kumar Mandal and Rajesh Allu and Rajesh Chandran and Divya Kallingil Gopi and Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana and Radha Prakasam and Shakila Ramachandran} } @article {1131, title = {Macro-microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Fruit}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {February 2023}, pages = {277-287}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {277}, abstract = {

Background: Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Family Leguminosae) is a large annual or perennial climber with a terete glabrous stem, native to Indo-Malaysian and also distributed in tropical, subtropical regions. C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC. is generally confused with another closely related species i.e. C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC (Jack bean). The tender pods of both the above species have close similarity in morphology, especially shape and size of fruit, therefore it is difficult to differentiate on their vegetative and also fruiting stages. The plant C. ensiformis mentioned as a synonym of C. gladiata in many of the earlier literature though they are 2 different taxa. Some authors published different colour seeds in the name of C. gladiata. It is doubtful if C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC. or C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC was studied during that analysis. Objectives: A systematic pharmacognostical study has been executed to identify the correct botanical source. Materials and Methods: All the studies were carried out by standard procedures in Pharmacopoeias and other authentic literature. Results: Macroscopically surface characters followed by odour and taste, anatomically TS of the pericarp, plecenta, testa, cotyledon and radical, powder microscopically epidermal cells with stomata and prismatic crystal cystolith, trichomes, testa palisade cells, sclereids with different shape and size, brownish content, starch grains, tracheids, fibres and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate are the unique diagnostic characters observed. HPTLC with different spots having unique Rf values in the pericarp, testa, cotyledon and seeds will be helpful for critical identification of the species. Conclusion: The findings of the present study will be helpful in the identification and differentiation of related species as the whole drug or in powder form.

}, keywords = {Jack bean, Seed anatomy, Sword bean, Vegetable Crude Drug.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.2.030}, author = {Susikumar Sundharamoorthy and Gokula Kannan Sundharamoorthy and Achintya Kumar Mandal and Shakila Ramachandran and Senthilvel Govindaraju and Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayanan} } @article {1026, title = {Development of Chromatographic Fingerprint Profile and Multi-elemental Analysis of Datura metel L.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {146-152}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {146}, abstract = {

Background: The Solanaceae family member Datura metel L. has been related to therapeutic benefits. The plant is widely used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of Indian medicines. Objectives: Present study was focused to understand the phytochemical and multi elemental composition of D. metel whole plant. Materials and Methods: The whole plant of D. metel was collected, shade dried, powdered and subjected to analysis of physico-chemical parameters, thin layer chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatographic finger print profilings (HPTLC), high pressure liquid chromatographic profile at four wavelengths, X-ray fluorescence, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, powder X-ray diffractometer and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Results: In HPTLC, 7 spots under 254 nm, 10 spots under 366 nm and 11 spots after derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid reagent appeared. In HPLC, 9 peaks at 230 nm, 11 peaks at 254 nm, 5 peaks at 286 nm and 7 peaks at 366 nm separated. Presence of 17 elements such as copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, aluminium, chlorine, carbon, oxygen, sulphur and silicon were identified. Conclusion: The elements K, Mg, Ca, Si, S and Fe play vital role on human health. Chlorine, silicon, sulfur and silica are first time identified which have significant biological functions.

Key words: Ummattai, Devil{\textquoteright}s trumpet, Solanaceae, Cardiarhythm, Asthma.

}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.2.21}, author = {Shakila Ramachandran and Saravanan Meenatchisundaram and Subashini Subramanian and Sujith Thatipelli and Achintya Kumar Mandal and Rajesh Allu} }