@article {1117, title = {Pharmacognostical Standardization of Balamulachurna- Root Powder of Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa (L.) Borssum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {155-162}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {155}, abstract = {

Background: Ksheerabala tailam is well known Ayurvedic herbal formulation which is used in inflammations, pains and neurological disorders. The primary botanical source for Ksheerabala tailam is Balamulachurna. The literature refers to Balamulachurna as either of the root powders of Sida cordifolia, Sida acuta, Sida cordata or Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa. To accomplish the clinical efficacy of Ksheerabala tailam, standardization of Balamulachurna is necessary. Objectives: The study is aimed to establish pharmacognostic standards of Balamulachurna with respect to Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa root powder. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical standardization was carried out by focusing on organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, heavy metal assessments, fluorescence and HPTLC studies. Results: The roots macroscopic features were noticed as; an elongated taproot with few lateral roots, thick, woody, brown-coloured and bitter to taste. Organoleptic characteristics revealed the nature of the root powder as cream in colour with a pleasant odour and slightly bitter taste. The powder microscopic study specified the presence of fibres, fibre{\textendash}sclereids, tracheids, vessel elements and calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical studies assessed total ash (7.5\%), water-soluble ash (4.46\%), alkalinity of water-soluble ash (0.4 ml) and acid-insoluble ash (3.3\%). The preliminary phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and quinones. The HPTLC analyses exhibited various Rf values with the diversity of multiple phytoconstituents. Conclusion: The scientific data generated by the study is beneficial for adequately identifying and establishing standards for using Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa as a primary drug for maintaining the quality and purity of the Ksheerabala tailam, an Ayurvedic formulation.

}, keywords = {Balamulachurna, Ksheerabala tailam, Pharmacognosy, Sida rhombifolia subsp. retusa, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/097484900224}, author = {Thota Jyostna Kumari and Goli Penchala Prasad and Goli Penchala Pratap and Mohd Kashif Husain and Padamata Sai Sudhakar} } @article {1050, title = {Phytochemical Identification of Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. by GC-MS Analysis and its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {166-171}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {166}, abstract = {

Background: Agnimantha is an important Ayurvedic medicinal plant mentioned in the text of Acharya charak. Agni means fire and mantha means to rub together to produce fire in ancient times. Objectives: Clerodendrum phlomides Linn. (CP) leaf extracts examined for their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE). Materials and Methods: A coarse powder was ground from the leaves after being shade dried at room temperature. Alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaf tissues were dried and used to identify phytochemicals by gas chromatography, in vitro radical scavenging assays, and AchE inhibition assays. Results: In the phytochemical screening procedures, fifteen constituents were identified in the alcoholic leaf extract of CP. AchE was inhibited by the extracts in a dose dependent manner as demonstrated by in vitro scavenging tests including FRAP assay (alcoholic 215.20 μg/ml and hydro alcoholic 288.70 μg/ ml) and DPPH radical (alcoholic 167.70 μg/ml and hydro alcoholic 347.19 μg/ml). Inhibition of AchE was observed at 250 μg/ml of CP alcoholic and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts. Conclusion: We demonstrate that CP inhibits AchE activity and is capable of scavenging radicals in vitro, indicating that it could serve as an effective therapy for reversing the cholinergic deficit caused by Neurological diseases.

Key words: Clerodendrum phlomides, Antioxidants, Acetylcholinesterase, Phytochemical identification, GC-MS analysis, Oxidative stress.

}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.2.24}, author = {Srinivasan Marimuthu and Arun Manohar Gurav and Goli Penchala Prasad} } @article {107, title = {Molecular Identification and Next-Generation Sequence Analysis of Interspecies Genetic Variations among Three Varieties of Datura}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {158-162}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {158}, abstract = {

Background: Datura is a well-known plant used in Ayurveda. It is a widely growing plant from Solanaceae family, attributed to poisonous and medicinal values. It is used in the treatment of various skin diseases, fever, etc., It is also used for external application and rarely for oral administration. Objectives: The present study aims to compare three different varieties of Datura which include the species of Datura innoxia Mill., Datura metel L. and Datura arborea are used to study molecular marker and phylogenetic analysis. Materials and Methods: Whole-genomic DNA was isolated from the leaves of Datura and the polymerase chain reactions amplification of DNA barcoding markers are rbcl, mat k, and internal transcribed spacer-4 and 5 were analyzed by 0.8\% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The DNA barcoding markers and next-generation sequencing are able to identify the interspecies genetic variations among these closely related plant varieties of Datura. Conclusion: The interspecies genetic variations among these closely related three species of D. innoxia, metel, and arborea was closely related with Datura stramonium isolate NN003 chloroplast genome similarity of 98\%, 99\%, and 99\%, respectively.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Datura, Internal transcribed spacer 4, Mat k, Medicinal plants, Next-generation sequencing, Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase form I gene}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_101_19}, author = {Goli Penchala Prasad and Goli Penchala Pratap and Srinivasan Marimuthu and Shyam Baboo Prasad and Gajendra Rao and Anupam Kumar Mangal and Naryanam Srikanth} }