@article {618, title = {Volatile Constituents of Pinus Roxburghii from Nepal}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {January 2013}, pages = {43-48}, type = { Original Article}, chapter = {43}, abstract = {

Background:Pinus roxburghii\ Sarg. Is one of 3 species of pine found in Nepal, the oil of which is traditionally used to treat cuts, wounds, boils, and blisters.\ Objective:\ To obtain, analyze, and examine the anti-microbial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils of\ P. roxburghii.\ Materials and Methods:\ Three plant parts (cone, needle, and bark) of\ Pinus roxburghii\ were collected in Biratnagar, Nepal. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compositions were determined by GC-MS. The needle and cone essential oils were screened for anti-microbial activity against\ Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, and\ Aspergillus niger;\ brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality; and\ in-vitro\ cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells.\ Results:\ GC-MS analysis for the cone oil revealed 81 compounds with 78 components being identified (95.5\% of the oil) while 98.3\% of needle oil was identified to contain 68 components and 98.6\% of the bark oil (38 components) was identified. The 3 essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenes, particularly (E)-caryophyllene (26.8\%-34.5\%) and α-humulene (5.0\%-7.3\%) as well as monoterpene alcohols terpinen-4-ol (4.1\%-30.1\%) and α-terpineol(2.8\%-5.0\%). The monoterpene δ-3-carene was present only in needle and cone essential oils (2.3\% and 6.8\%, respectively). Bio-activity assays of the cone essential oil of\ P. roxburghii\ showed remarkable cytotoxic activity (100\% killing of MCF-7 cells at 100 μg/mL) along with notable brine shrimp lethality (LC50\ =11.8 μg/mL). The cone essential oil did not show anti-bacterial activity, but it did exhibit anti-fungal activity against\ Aspergillus niger\ (MIC=39 μg/mL).\ Conclusion:\ The bioactivity of\ P. roxburghii\ essential oil is consistent with its traditional medicinal use.

}, keywords = {Anti-fungal, Brine shrimp lethality, cytotoxicity, Essential oil composition, α-humulene}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.105650}, author = {Prabodh Satyal and Prajwal Paudel and Josna Raut and Akash Deo and Noura S Dosoky and William N Setzer} } @article {739, title = {The Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf oil of Cupressus lusitanica from Monteverde, Costa Rica}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {March 2010}, pages = {19-21}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {

The essential oils from the leaves of three different individuals of Cupressus lusitanica were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. A total of 49 compounds were identified in the leaf oils. The major components of C. lusitanica leaf oil were α-pinene (40\%-82\%), limonene (4\%-18\%), isobornyl acetate (up to 10\%) and cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (up to 7\%). The essential oil was screened for antimicrobial activity, and it showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger.

}, keywords = {5-diene, Antimicrobial, cis -muurola-4(14), Composition, Cupressus lusitanica, Essential oil, Isobornyl acetate, Limonene, α-pinene}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.60585}, author = {Sara L Hassanzadeh and Jessika A Tuten and Bernhard Vogler and William N Setzer} }