@article {595, title = {Acute toxicity impacts of Euphorbia hirta L extract on behavior, organs body weight index and histopathology of organs of the mice and Artemia salina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {July,2012}, pages = {170-177}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {170}, abstract = {

Background: The methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae), which is used in traditional medicines, was tested for in vivo toxicity. Materials and Methods: In vivo brine shrimp lethality assay and oral acute toxicity study at single high dose of 5000 mg/kg and observation for 14 days in mice were used to study the toxic effect of E. hirta. Results: Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of E. hirta (for leaves, stems, flowers and roots) methanolic extracts at concentrations from 100 to 0.07 mg/ml. The LC 50 values of 1.589, 1.420, 0.206 and 0.0827 mg/ml were obtained for stems, leaves, flowers and roots, respectively. Potassium dichromate (the positive control) had LC 50 value of 0.00758 mg/ml. The acute oral toxicity study of the leaf extract resulted in one third mortality and mild behavioral changes among the treated mice. No significant statistical differences found between body weight, relative (\%) and absolute (g) organ weights of treated and untreated groups (P\> 0.05). Gross and microscopic examination of the vital organ tissues revealed no differences between control and treated mice. All the tissues appeared normal. Conclusion\ : E. hirta leaves methanol extract has exhibited mild toxic effects in mice.

}, keywords = {Acute oral toxicity, Artemia salina, Euphorbia hirta, Methanolic extract}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.99085}, author = {Mohammad Abu Basma Rajeh and Yuet Ping Kwan and Zuraini Zakaria and Lachimanan Yoga Latha and Subramanion L. Jothy and Sreenivasan Sasidharan} } @article {855, title = {Brine shrimp Lethality and Acute Oral Toxicity Studies on Swietenia mahagoni (Linn.) Jacq. seed Methanolic Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {September 2010}, pages = {215-220}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {215}, abstract = {

Background: The seeds of Swietenia mahagoni have been applied in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, malaria, amoebiasis, cough, chest pain, and intestinal parasitism. Here we are the first to report on the toxicity of the Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. Methods: SMCM seed extract has been studied for its brine shrimp lethality and acute oral toxicity, in mice. Results: The brine shrimp lethality bioassay shows a moderate cytotoxicity at high concentration. The LC50 for the extract is 0.68 mg/ml at 24 hours of exposure. The LD50 of the SMCM seed extract for acute oral toxicity in mice is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic seed extract may contain bioactive compounds of potential therapeutic significance which are relatively safe from toxic effects, and can compromise the medicinal use of this plant in folk medicine.

}, keywords = {Acute oral toxicity, Brine shrimp, Swietenia mahagoni seeds}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.69107}, author = {Geethaa Sahgal and Surash Ramanathan and Sreenivasan Sasidharan and Mohd Nizam Mordi and Sabariah Ismail and Sharif Mahsufi Mansor} }