@article {1464, title = {Xylopia aethiopica Fruit Macerate Inhibits Carrageenan-induced Pleurisy in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {1005-1019}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1005}, abstract = {

Background: Pleurisy is an inflammatory condition of the pleura that can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Controlling excessive pleural inflammation is crucial. Xylopia aethiopica, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, may be a potential treatment. Objectives: This study evaluates its immunological mechanisms and toxicological impact. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were pre-treated with either chloroquine or X. aethiopica fruit macerate before carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood and pleural exudate via sandwich ELISA. Leukocyte counts were also assessed. Acute and subacute toxicity profiles of the macerate were evaluated in rats. Results: Carrageenan injection induced an inflammatory condition, resulting in increased local and systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels, with increased leukocyte influx in the pleural cavity. X. aethiopica macerate significantly reduced systemic (p=0.0026) and local (p=0.0004) TNF-α levels, comparable to chloroquine. No acute toxic effects were observed within 48 hours or 14 days. A 28-day oral administration did not induce behavioral changes, and biochemical analyses suggested safety at studied doses. However, histological analyses revealed vascular congestion and inflammation in the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: X. aethiopica macerate exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, supporting its potential as a pleurisy treatment. Further research is needed to confirm its clinical applications.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Pleurisy, Toxicity, Xylopia aethiopica Fruit Macerate}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252238}, author = {Gnatoulma Katawa and Fagd{\'e}ba David Bara and Foulounanna Daria and P{\'e}lagie Edlom Tchadie and T{\'e}gmaba Gnodja and Kathrin Arndts and Komlan Batawila and Manuel Ritter} } @article {489, title = {Ethnobotanical Study of Latex Plants in the Maritime Region of Togo}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {128-134}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {128}, abstract = {

Background: In Togo, a little is known about latex plants of the flora used for medicinal purposes. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the latex plant species and their medicinal uses in the Maritime Region of Togo. Materials and Methods: The methodology was based on ethnobotanical semi-structural individual interviews of 220 informants. Quantitative ethnobotanical index was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 33 latex plants species were recorded, from 12 botanical families and 24 genera. The most represented families were Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae with eight species each. The relative importance (RI) value of each species and the informant consensus factor (ICF) of the ailments categories showed that Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (RI = 2.00) and Euphorbia hirta L. (RI = 1.91) were the most versatile in relation to their uses, and infectious diseases (ICF = 0.922) were the category with the greatest consensus among 17 categories. Conclusion: These latex plants of Togolese flora are variously used in traditional medicine and it would be important to undertake further investigations in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology to validate their uses.

}, keywords = {Ethnobotany, Folk medicine, Latex plants, Survey, Togo}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.175613}, author = {Yao Patrick Hoekou and Tchadjobo Tchacondo and Simplice Damintoti Karou and Koffi Koudouvo and Wouyo Atakpama and Passimna Pissang and Apeti Koffi Gbogbo and Agbelessessi Yawo Woegan and Komlan Batawila and Koffi Akpagana and Messanvi Gbeassor} } @article {472, title = {Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in the Plateau Region, Togo}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {March 2016}, pages = {12-18}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {12}, abstract = {

Background: In Togo, malaria constitutes a major public health problem but, until now, the population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for healing. This study aimed to document medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in the Plateau region of the country. Methodology: Semi-structured questionnaire interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical and sociodemographic data from traditional healers of the study area. Results: A total of 61 plants species belonging to 33 families were found to be in use for malaria therapy in the Plateau region. Caesalpiniaceae were the most represented family with 7 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae with 4 species each. According to the relative frequency of citation (RFC), Newbouldia laevis Seem. (RFC =0.52), Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A. Bruce (RFC =0.48), Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (RFC =0.43), and Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby (RFC =0.40) were the most cited in the treatment of malaria in the traditional medicine in the Plateau region. The parts of plants used could either be the barks, roots, leaves, or whole plants. The recipes also could be a combination of various species of plants or plant parts. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential sources for the development of new antimalarial drugs from indigenous medicinal plants found in the Plateau region of Togo. Such results could be a starting point for in vitro antimalarial screenings.

}, keywords = {Caesalpiniaceae, Malaria, Medicinal plants, Relative frequency of citation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.178646}, author = {Kodjovi Agbodeka and Holaly E. Gbekley and Simplice D. Karou and Kokou Anani and Amegnona Agbonon and Tchadjobo Tchacondo and Komlan Batawila and Jacques Simpore and Messanvi Gbeassor} } @article {659, title = {Medicinal Plants Use in Central Togo (Africa) with an Emphasis on the Timing}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {april,2012}, pages = {92-103}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {92}, abstract = {

Background: Plant-based remedies continue to play a key role in the health care of people in Togo; however, there is a lack of published data in medicinal plants and medical practices of the people in the country. Objective: This study was aimed at documenting the plant utilization in the Tem folk medicine in the central region of Togo. Materials and Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with traditional healers in the central region of Togo using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: This study demonstrated that local specialists in the central region of Togo tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants used to treat diabetes (ICF = 0.38), infertility, and abdominal pains (ICF = 0.33), but cite a much more diverse groups of plants to treat problems related to arterial hypertension, sickle cell disease, and abscess. They use 144 herbal concoctions made of 72 plants, distributed among 36 botanical families. The Euphorbiaceae family with eight species was best represented in terms of the number of species. The species with the highest use value were Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.36), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Gentianaceae) (UV = 0.27), Trichilia emetica Vahl (Meliaceae) (UV = 0.25), and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce (Rubiaceae) (UV = 0.21). They also rely on the timing in the plant processing and the administration of herbal remedies. Conclusion: All these findings are based on empirical observations; laboratory screenings are needed to check the effectiveness of these plants.

}, keywords = {Chronobiology, Chronotherapy, Folk medicine, Herbal concoctions, Plant administration, Traditional healers.}, doi = { 10.4103/0974-8490.94724}, author = {Tchadjobo Tchacondo and Simplice D Karou and Am{\'e}gninou Agban and Mamouda Bako and Komlan Batawila and Moctar L Bawa and Mensavi Gbeassor and Comlan de Souza} }