@article {1481, title = {Accelerated Stability Study of Powder Formulation Safoof Muqliyasa and Safoof Mulayyin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1-21}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Background and Objectives: Evaluation of stability studies of Unani Medicine (UM) formulations determined on the basis of scientific data are the need of the time and also recommended in D and C Act. There is immense need to evaluate precise shelf life for each powder formulations. Materials and Methods: Accelerated Stability Study (ASS) of Safoof Muqliyasa (S. Muq) and Safoof Mulayyin. (S. Mul) was carried out with at elevated temperature and humidity conditions 40{\textordmasculine}C{\textpm}2{\textordmasculine}C with Relative Humidity of 75\%{\textpm}5\% RH according to ICH guidelines, by keeping in stability chamber in containers used by commercial UM. Pharmacy{\textquoteright}s (i.e. sealed HDPE containers). Testing frequency of samples was 0, 3 and 6 months and was subjected to various organoleptic, physical, microbiological and chemical tests parameters with HPLC quantification of active constituents/markers (Chebulic acid in S. Muq and Gingerol in S. Mul). Results were accessed as per API guidelines and are also statistically analyzed for 10\% degradation, from liner regression equation using individual slope and Intercept. Results: Both S. Muq and S. Mul were suitable at accelerated condition upto 3 month storage on selected physical, microbiological and chemical parameters as per API evaluation guidelines, and it can be extrapolated that real time shelf life period (predicted stability) according to Grimm{\textquoteright}s statement, for zone III and IV, 3.3 as 10 month at room temperature and packaging method adopted in the study and by 10\% degradation in different parameters by multiplying factor of 3.3 accelerated stability of Safoof Muqliyasa can be extrapoled as 2 years and 1 month and for Safoof Mulayyin 1 year and 5 months. Conclusion: According to physical and microbiological parameters both S. Muq and S. Mul are stable for 6 months in ASS but changes in selected chemical parameters was observed for after 3rd month making it stable approximately for 1 year. Stability of salt containing S. Mul was found to be comparatively lower than the non-salt containing S. Muq This observation/ shelf life may be exclusive to both the powders.

}, keywords = {Accelerated stability study, Powder, Safoof Mulayyin, Safoof Muqliyasa, Stability, Unani}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252160}, author = {Md Naquibuddin and Hamiduddin and Gazi Jahangeer Rather and Fakeha Firdous Khanbhadur and Mohammed Saad} } @article {1303, title = {Modification and Physicochemical Evaluation of Naque Nazla a Unani Infusion Preparation for Cold and Flu into Soluble Granules}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {837-853}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {837}, abstract = {

Background: Infusions and decoctions for Nazla/Zukam (Cold and Flu) are time tested in Unani System of Medicine. Naque Nazla (NN) Infusion containing Viola odorata Linn. flower, Zizyphus jujuba Linn. fruit, Cordia dichotama Forst. fruit, Althea officinalis Linn. Seed, Malva sylvestris Linn. Seed, Borago offlclnalis Linn. leaves, Glycyrhhiza glabra Linn. root is used as an effective remedy for common cold and related symptoms. This formulation need modification for better drug compliance and portability. Attempt was made to make soluble granule in unit sachet, from NN which may retain the advantages of infusions and also address the problems of quality control, preparation, and administration of infusions/decoctions. Materials and Methods: Granules batch was selected on the basis of ease of preparation, Solubility and total solid content by Water-bath method of drying of NN (NNG 1), Granules were also prepared by different initial drying process of NN viz. NNG 2 (Freeze drying) and NNG 3 (Rota evaporator). Batch-NNG 1 was also evaluated for short term preliminary stability study. Physicochemical evaluation of all the batches was carried out with Glycyrrhizin estimation by HPLC and fingerprinting by HPTLC. Results: NN dried with 10\% maltodextrin was selected due to ease of powdering as a Non-Native Extract (NNE). Three different procedures of drying in NNG1, NNG 2 and NNG 3 batches do not reveal much difference when evaluated, except dry yield of NNE in NNG 2 was more in comparison to NNG 1 and NNG 3 batches. Granules batch with NNE powder (with 10\% maltodextrin) 63\%, fine powder of NN ingredient (filler) 10\%, liquorice powder (sweetening agent) 5\%, Starch soluble 20\%, SSG 2\%, Satte Pudina 0.25\%, and Aerosil-200 5\% of all the ingredient was selected. Physicochemical parameters of NN and formulated Granules such as organoleptic properties, pH value, total LOD at 105{\textdegree}C, Ash \& extractive values, test for mucilage, microbial contamination, HPLC (Glycyrrhizin estimation), HPTLC data etc., was set in. Short term (3 month) stability study of NNG1 predicted 1 year stability at room temperature in sachet packed condition. Conclusion: NNG1 method can be a more feasible and economical method. It displayed higher Glycyrrhizin content. Successful formulation of soluble granules was achieved.

}, keywords = {Cold flu, Evaluation, Granules, Naque-Nazla, Physicochemical, Unani medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.96}, author = {Mohammad Zaigham and Hamiduddin and Mohd Akhtar Ali and Mohammed Abdul Waheed} } @article {1164, title = {Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Tablet Dosage form of Unani Anti-diabetic Powder Containing Gymnema sylvestre R. Br, Syzygium cuminii Linn. and Zingiber officinale Rosc.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {566-577}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {566}, abstract = {

Background and Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease, adult blindness etc. The side effects and resistance of conventional medicines for DM had put forward a need to develop an effective antidiabetic formulation with the aid of traditional medicine. Modification of dosage form in traditional system of medicine for palatability and portability is the need of hour. The antidiabetic safoof(powder) formulation containing Gurmar buti(Gymnema sylvestre R.Br), Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Linn.) and Zanjabeel (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is having inconvenience to follow the accurate dose, palatability and stability issues due to surface area of powder. To rectify this problem the Safoof is modified into tablet dosage form with documentation of standard manufacturing procedure, its physicochemical analysis and in vitro antidiabetic evaluation. Materials and Methods: For process standardization total 10 batches were generated for the optimum working process related to the powder size, quantity of binder, wetting, granulation, time for drying and compression by trial and error. Ideal batch was selected on the basis of set parameter (friability, hardness and disintegration time), its physicochemical standards including HPLC as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity were established. Results: With excipients 5\% Gum acacia, 5\% CMC, 1\% SSG, 0.5\% Mg stearate and 0.5\% Talc, the mean value of the hardness, friability and disintegration time of tablet were found to be 4.83 {\textpm} 0.17, 0.29 {\textpm} 0.01 and 14.24 {\textpm} 0.05 respectively. Physico-chemical data with HPLC quantification of Gymnemagenin, 6-Gingerol, 8-Gingerol, 6-Shogaol and 10-Gingerol were set in. The heavy metals and microbial contaminations are within permissible limit. Antidiabetic activity through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.00 {\textpm} 0.00 at the 2500 μg/ml and 84.28 {\textpm} 0.58\% at the 3000 μg/ml concentration respectively. Conclusion: Classical powder is modified effectively in tablet dosage form with in vitro evaluation of its antidiabetic activity particularly α-glucosidase inhibition of crude powder and standardization data was also set in.

}, keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Physico-chemical standardization, Powder, Tablets, α-glucosidase.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.3.060}, author = {Gazi Jahangeer Rather and Hamiduddin and Mohd Ikram and Md. Naquibuddin} } @article {460, title = {Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of Kharekhasak (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) Before and After Mudabbar Proc}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {384-389}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {384}, abstract = {

Background and Objectives: Mudabbar/Tadbeere advia is referred to the processes performed on the drugs to detoxify, purify, and enhance therapeutic action and to reduce its doses before making the formulations in Unani medicine. It improves quality of drugs either by optimizing its desirable characteristics or minimizing the undesirable ones; it makes drug effective, safe, and specific. There is a need of comparative evaluation to understand its significance. Tadbeer of Kharekhasak (KK) khurd (Tribulus terrestris Linn. fruit) is described by Rabban Al-Tabari in Firdausul Hikmat, Akbar Arzani in Qarabadeene Qadri, etc., during the compounding of aphrodisiac formulations. Mudabbar Kharekhasak (MKK) used in Safoofe Kharekhasak mentioned in Al-Qarabadeene was evaluated in this work. Methods: Mudabbar/Tadbeer process was carried out by blending fresh KK. Juice with powdered dry KK and drying it under the sun. Juice used for process is thrice the weight of dry KK powder. The KK before and after the process was evaluated using physicochemical tests: powder characterization, extractive value, alcohol and water soluble matter, ash value, loss on drying (LOD) at 105{\textdegree}C, pH, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting, and diosgenin content. Results: Powder characterizations were set in. Increase in successive and nonsuccessive extractive values in various solvents, water/ alcohol-soluble content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, and sulfated ash of MKK was noted in comparison with KK. Decrease in LOD at 105{\textdegree}C and pH of MKK powder was observed. HPTLC fingerprinting data were developed for the identification and evaluation. Quantification of diosgenin content increased to 432.1 g/g in MKK as compared to 144.5 g/g in KK, suggesting significant increase in saponin content. Conclusion: Data obtained clearly indicated changes in MKK validating the classical Mudabbar process, probably to enhance/modify the action of drug. Standards for crude and MKK were established for future reference.

}, keywords = {Kharekhasak, Mudabbar evaluation, Physicochemical, Tribulus terrestris Linn., Unani}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_16_17}, author = {Abdullah Tauheed and Hamiduddin and Salma Khanam and Mohd Akhtar Ali and Mohammad Zaigham} }