@article {704, title = {Caffeoylquinic Acids in Leaves of Selected Apocynaceae Species: Their Isolation and Content}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {December,2013}, pages = {: 67-72}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {67}, abstract = {

Background: Three compounds isolated from the methanol (MeOH) leaf extract of Vallaris glabra (Apocynaceae) were those of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). This prompted a quantitative analysis of their contents in leaves of V. glabra in comparison with those of five other Apocynaceae species (Alstonia angustiloba, Dyera costulata, Kopsia fruticosa, Nerium oleander, and Plumeria obtusa), including flowers of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), the commercial source of chlorogenic acid (CGA). Materials and Methods: Compound were isolated by column chromatography, and identified by NMR and MS analyses. CQA content of leaf extracts was determined using reversed-phase HPLC. Results: From the MeOH leaf extract of V. glabra, 3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA or CGA were isolated. Content of 5-CQA of V. glabra was two times higher than flowers of L. japonica, while 3-CQA and 4-CQA content was 16 times higher. Conclusion: With much higher CQA content than the commercial source, leaves of V. glabra can serve as a promising alternative source.

}, keywords = {Apocynaceae, Caffeoylquinic acids, Chlorogenic acid, Vallaris glabra}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.122921}, author = {Siu Kuin Wong and Yau Yan Lim and Sui Kiong Ling and Eric Wei Chiang Chan} } @article {919, title = {Standardised herbal extract of chlorogenic acid from leaves of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {September 2011}, pages = {178-184}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {178}, abstract = {

Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) or 5-caffeoylquinic acid, was found to be the dominant phenolic compound in leaves of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae). The CGA content of E. elatior leaves was significantly higher than flowers of Lonicera japonica (honeysuckle), the commercial source. In this study, a protocol to produce a standardised herbal CGA extract from leaves of E. elatior using column chromatography was developed. Materials and Methods: Freeze-dried leaves of E. elatior were extracted with 30\% ethanol, and sequentially fractionated using Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20. Results: The CGA fractions, which yielded extracts of 10\% and 40\% w/w purity, possessed antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, and antibacterial properties. The entire fractionation process took only 6.5 hours, using gravity flow. From 50 g of leaves, the final yield of CGA extract was 0.2 g (0.4\%). The CGA content of the standardised herbal extract from leaves of E. elatior (40\%) is 1.6 times that of commercial extracts from honeysuckle flowers (25\%). Conclusion: With high CGA content, the standardised herbal extract has a great potential to be developed into functional food and other health products. Leaves of E. elatior, which currently have no economic value, could serve as an alternative source of CGA. Leaves are large, available in abundance, and harvesting is non-destructive to the plants.

}, keywords = {Chlorogenic acid, Column chromatography, Fractionation, standardised extract}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.85003}, author = {Eric W.C Chan and Yau Yan Lim and Shiau Pin Tan} }