@article {397, title = {Acute oral toxicity studies of Swietenia macrophylla seeds in Sprague Dawley rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2014}, pages = {38-44}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {38}, abstract = {

Background: Swietenia macrophylla King. (Meliaceae) seeds (SMS); commonly known as sky fruit and locally known in Malaysia as Tunjuk Langit; have been used in traditional Malay medicine for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. The people eat only a tiny amount of raw seed, weighing not more than 5 mg. Aim: To evaluate the safety of Swietenia macrophylla seeds (SMS) at a single-dose oral administration of 2 g/kg body weight (bw) in sprague dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Eight-week old male and female SD rats were administered a single-oral dose of 2g/kg bw. The rats{\textquoteright} general behavior, and toxic signs were observed throughout the 14-day study period. The food and water intake by rats and their body weight were monitored during the study period. At the end of the study period, the relative weights of the organs (lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, testis, stomach); the hematological and biochemical parameters were measured; the architecture and histology of the organs (liver, kidney and lungs) were observed. Results: Oral administration of SMS to rats did not affect, either food or water intake; relative organ weight of vital organs; the hematological and biochemical parameters; did not show significant changes in the architecture and histology of vital organs. Overall, there were neither signs of toxicity nor deaths recorded during the study period. Conclusion: The rat dose of 2 g/kg bw is equivalent to the human dose of 325 mg/kg bw, which is well below the usual amount consumed by people, did not show any signs of toxicity in rats.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Sky fruit, Swietenia macrophylla, Toxicity, Traditional Malay medicine, Tunjuk langit.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.147197}, author = {Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli and Velan Suppaiah and An-me Chin and Ayuba Sunday Buru and Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu and Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika} } @article {801, title = {Antiproliferative Activity and Induction of Apoptosis in Estrogen Receptor-positive and Negative Human Breast Carcinoma Cell lines by Gmelina asiatica Roots}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {May 2010}, pages = {113-119}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {113}, abstract = {

Low risk of breast cancer has been proposed to be associated with high intake of lignans. We have reported the presence of lignans in Gmelina asiatica roots. There are no scientific reports on the antiproliferative activity of G. asiatica roots. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate extract from G. asiatica roots (EGAR) on estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cell lines. The effects of 50\% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of EGAR on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay kit. The mode of cell death caused by EGAR was determined using dual apoptosis assay kit by observing the cells under fluorescent microscope. The quantification of apoptosis and necrosis in cells caused by EGAR was determined using cell death detection kit through ELISA. Down-regulation of the proliferative activity occurred in a clear dose-dependent response with IC50 values of 32.9 {\textpm} 3.8 μg/mL in MCF-7 and 19.9 {\textpm} 2.3 μg/ mL in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Treatment of breast cancer cells with EGAR resulted in significant apoptosis. The EGAR contain lignans and flavonoids. The antiproliferative activity of the extract is attributed to the presence of these secondary metabolites. The results suggest the efficacy of G. asiatica roots as antiproliferative agents on human breast cancer cells, supporting the hypothesis that plants containing lignans have beneficial effects on human breast cancer.

}, keywords = {Annexin-V, Caspase-3, Enrichment factor, Lignans, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, Phosphatidylserine}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.62949}, author = {Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli and Satyanarayana Tandra and Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika} }