@article {78, title = {Inhibitory Effects of Ficus deltoidea Extracts on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and Glutathione S-transferase Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {210-218}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {210}, abstract = {

Background: Mas cotek or Ficus deltoidea is conventionally used to treat various diseases and often consumed with other medication and this may give rise to herb{\textendash}drug interaction. The potential of F. deltoidea for interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes of UDP-gucuronosytranserase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) have not been investigated. Objectives: We had evaluated the potential of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of F. deltoidea to cause UGT- and GST-mediated herb{\textendash}drug interaction in vitro. Materials and Methods: The total phenolic content and total phenolic content were determined using modified colorimetric method. In the UGT study, para-nitrophenol (p-NP) was employed as a substrate to determine the UGT enzymes activity in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM). For the GST study, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was employed as a substrate to determine GST activity in rat liver cytosolic fraction. Results: The total phenolic content in F. deltoidea extracts can be ranked as follows: Methanol extract \> aqueous extract \> ethanol extract, whereas the content of flavonoid compounds in F. deltoidea extracts can be ranked as: Methanol extract \> ethanol extract \> aqueous extract. Assessment using the UGT enzymes of RLM (IC50 [Half-maximal inhibitory concentration] = 881.40 {\textpm} 1.14 μg/mL) and HLM (IC50 = 63.44 {\textpm} 1.20 μg/mL) showed that the methanol extract of F. deltoidea significantly inhibited p-NP glucuronidation compared with ethanol and aqueous extracts. For GST inhibition study, methanol extract strongly inhibited GST activity (IC50 = 70.73 {\textpm} 1.07 μg/mL), whereas no IC50 values were determined for ethanol and aqueous extracts. Conclusion: The methanol extract of F. deltoidea containing the highest flavonoid content highlights the possibility of herb{\textendash}drug interaction through the modulation of p-NP UGT and GST activity.

}, keywords = {1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene, Ficus deltoideia, Glutathione S-transferases, Herb{\textendash}drug interactions, P-nitrophenol, Uridine 5{\textquoteright}-diphospho Glucuronosyltransferases.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_2_19}, author = {Mohd Halimhilmi Zulkiffli and Norliyana Mohd Salleh and Roziahanim Mahmud and Sabariah Ismail} } @article {577, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effect of Barringtonia racemosa and Hibiscus sabdariffa Fruit Extracts in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {66-70}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Background: The fruits of Barringtonia racemosa and Hibiscus sabdariffa have been used in the treatment of abscess, ulcer, cough, asthma, and diarrhea as traditional remedy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate cytotoxic effect of B. racemosa and H. sabdariffa methanol fruit extracts toward human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and its antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Total antioxidant activities of extracts were assayed using 2,2{\textquoteright}-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Content of phytochemicals, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric method and Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu{\textquoteright}s reagent, respectively. Cytotoxic activity in vitro was investigated through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: B. racemosa extract exhibited high antioxidant activities compared to H. sabdariffa methanol fruit extracts in DPPH radical scavenging assay (inhibitory concentration [IC50] 15.26 {\textpm} 1.25 μg/mL) and {\ss}-carotene bleaching assay (I\% 98.13 {\textpm} 1.83\%). B. racemosa also showed higher TPC (14.70 {\textpm} 1.05 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g) and TFC (130 {\textpm} 1.18 mg quercetin equivalents [QE]/g) compared to H. sabdariffa (3.80 {\textpm} 2.13 mg GAE/g and 40.75 {\textpm} 1.15 mg QE/g, respectively). In MTT assay, B. racemosa extract also showed a higher cytotoxic activity (IC50 57.61 {\textpm} 2.24 μg/mL) compared to H. sabdariffa. Conclusion: The present study indicated that phenolic and flavonoid compounds known for oxidizing activities indicated an important role among the contents of these plants extract. B. racemosa methanol extract have shown potent cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7. Following these promising results, further fractionation of the plant extract is underway to identify important phytochemical bioactives for the development of potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activities, Barringtonia racemosa, Cytotoxic activity, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171104}, author = {Norliyana Amran and Anis Najwa Abdul Rani and Roziahanim Mahmud and Khoo Boon Yin} }